Wiman

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Korean name
Hangul 위만
Hanja 衛滿
Revised Romanization Wiman
McCune-Reischauer Wiman
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese 衛滿
Simplified Chinese 卫满
Hanyu Pinyin Wèi Mǎn
Wade-Giles Wei4 Man3

Weiman, known as Wiman in Korean, was a refugee from the State of Yan of China who established a kingdom in north-western Korea in the 2nd century BC. He was the first figure in the history of Korea to have been recorded in documents from the same time period.

Contents

[edit] Biography

After the Han Dynasty entrusted Lu Wan with the former Yan domain, he rebelled and eventually fled north to the Xiongnu. This was a time of political insurrection, with populations seeking refuge eastwards. Wiman was said to have been one of these refugees, reported to have led over a thousand followers (dressed in Joseon style and he himself wearing his hair in a different topknot)[1] to Gojoseon. He was initially ordered to fortify Gojoseon's northwestern border by King Jun of Gojoseon, however by solidifying power over the Yan refugees, Wiman ursurped the throne and claimed kingship (194~180 BC). King Jun is said to have sought refugee in Jin state and called himself the "King of Han."

Man's capital was named Wanggeom-seong (王險, generally identified as P'yŏngyang).[2] Since the Han Empire was not completely stabilized yet, the Governor of Liaodong appointed Man as an outer subject, provided that he did not prevent natives going up to the empire. The appointment is dated at 191 or 192 BCE.[3] Having superior military strength, Wiman Joseon was able to subjugate the State of Jinbeon and Imdun, vastly extending its borders. His kingdom was eventually conquered by Emperor Wu in 108 B.C during the reign of his grandson Ugeo.

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ Lee, Ki-baik: Walled-Town States and Confederated Kingdoms. The New History of Korea, page 16-17. Harvard University Press, 1984
  2. ^ Concerning controversy over the location of Lelang Commandery, there is a minority view that Man's domain was located in Liaoning instead of north-western Korea. However, it is generally accepted that the river referred to as Majasu (馬訾水) refers to the Yalu River and Paesu refers to the Chŏngchŏn River, and that Man's territory was bordered on the north by the Han Empire. P'yŏngyang is the most likely site for the capital Wanggeom/Wangxian but lacks archaeological evidence. For more information, see (Tani:1987).
  3. ^ (Ibaragi:1984)

[edit] References

  • Mikami Tsugio 三上次男: Kodai no seihoku Chōsen to Ei-shi Chōsen koku no seiji, shakaiteki seikaku 古代の西北朝鮮と衛氏朝鮮国の政治・社会的性格, Kodai Tōhoku Ajiashi Kenkyū 古代東北アジア史研究, pp. 3-22, 1966.
  • Ibaragi Kazuo 荊木計男: Ei Man Chōsen ō Sakuhō ni tsuite 衛満朝鮮冊封について, Chōsen Gakuhō 朝鮮学報 (Journal of the Academic Association of Koreanology in Japan) Vol. 113, pp.1-25, 1984.
  • Tani Toyonobu 谷豊信: Rakurō-gun no ichi 楽浪郡の位置, Chōsen shi kenkyūkai ronbunshū 朝鮮史研究会論文集 (Bulletin of Society for Study in Korean History), No 24, pp. 23-45, 1987.

[edit] See also

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