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Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is a general test of intelligence (IQ), published in February 1955 as a revision of the Wechsler-Bellevue test (1939), a battery of tests that is composed from subtests Wechsler "adopted" from the Army Tests (Yerkes, 1921). Wechsler defined intelligence as "The global capacity of a person to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with his/her environment."[1] The fourth edition of the test was released in 2008 by Pearson.
[edit] OverviewThe full scale IQ test is broken down into 14 sub tests, comprising the verbal (seven sub tests) and performance scales (seven sub tests). Wechsler's tests provide three scores:
WAIS-R was standardised in 1981 on a sample of 1,880 US subjects, ranging from 16 to 89 years of age, broken down into 9 different age groups. The current version is WAIS-III (1997). WAIS-IV is currently undergoing national standardization and has now been released. The median full-scale IQ is centered at 100[2], with a standard deviation of 15. In a normal distribution this IQ range (1σ above and below the mean - that is, between 85 and 115) is where approximately 68% of adults would fall. [edit] Test variantsThe WAIS-III measure is appropriate throughout adulthood and for use with those individuals ages 16-89 years of age (this is an expanded age range for adults 74-89, reflecting the increased average life expectancy). For persons under 16, the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC, 6-16 yrs) and the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI, 2 1/2-7yrs, 3mos) are used. A short, four-subtest version of the battery has recently been released, allowing clinicians to form a validated estimate of verbal, performance and full scale IQ in a shorter amount of time. The Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI) uses vocabulary, similarities, block design and matrix reasoning subtests similar to those of the WAIS to provide an estimate of full scale IQ in about 30 minutes. Intelligence tests also are used in populations with psychiatric illness or brain injury, though some regard this use as controversial. Some neuropsychologists use the technique on people suffering brain damage as it leads to links with which part of the brain has been affected, or use specific subtests in order to get an idea of the extent of the brain damage. For example, digit span may be used to get a sense of attentional difficulties. Others employ the WAIS-R NI (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised as a Neuropsychological Instrument), another measure published by Harcourt. Each subtest score is tallied and calculated with respect to non-normal or brain-damaged norms. As the WAIS is developed for the average, non-injured individual, separate norms were developed for appropriate comparison among similar functioning individuals[citation needed]. [edit] 14 subtests of the WAIS-III[edit] Verbal subtests
[edit] Performance subtests
Optional post-tests include Digit Symbol - Incidental Learning and Digit Symbol - Free Recall. [edit] WAIS-III subtests grouped according to indices In addition to the Verbal and Performance IQ scores, the following four indices are derived. [edit] Verbal IQ (VIQ)[edit] Verbal comprehension index (VCI)[edit] Working memory index (WMI)
[edit] Performance IQ (PIQ)[edit] Perceptual organization index (POI)
[edit] Processing speed index (PSI)
Note: Picture Arrangement, Comprehension, and Object Assembly do not contribute to the Index Scores [edit] See also
[edit] References
[edit] External links
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