Weather records

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This is a list of weather records, a list of the most extreme occurrences of weather phenomena for various categories. Each of these is understood to be the record for recent history, as these records may have been exceeded before modern weather instrumentation was invented.

Contents

[edit] Heat

[edit] Highest temperature ever recorded

Temperature Location Date
On Earth† 57.8 °C (136 °F) Al 'Aziziyah, Libya 1922-09-13[1]
United States (North America) 56.7 °C (134 °F) Death Valley, California 1913-07-10[1][2]
Canada 45 °C (113 °F) Midale and Yellow Grass, Saskatchewan 1937-07-05[3]
Asia 53.9 °C (129 °F) Tirat Tsvi, Israel 1942-06-21[1]
Pakistan 52 °C (125.6 °F) Sibbi,Baluchistan 2004-07-13[4]
India 50.6 °C (123.1 °F) Alwar 1956-05-10[5]
Japan 40.9 °C (105.6 °F) Kumagaya ,Saitama 2007-08-16[6]
Malaysia 40.1 °C (104.2 °F) Chuping 1998-04-09[7]
Australia/Oceania‡ 50.7 °C (123 °F) Oodnadatta, South Australia 1960-01-02[1][8]
New Zealand 42.4 °C (108.3 °F) Rangiora
Jordan, Marlborough		 1973-02-07[9]
Europe 50,5 °C (123.3 °F) Riodades, Portugal 1881-08-04[10]
Croatia 42.8 °C (109 °F) Ploče 1998-08-05[11]
Czech Republic 40.2 °C (104.4 °F) Praha-Uhříněves 1983-07-27[12]
Denmark 36.4 °C (97.5 °F) Holstebro, Midtjylland 1975-08-10[13]
Estonia 35.6 °C (96.1 °F) Võru 1992-08-11[14]
Finland 35.9 °C (96.6 °F) Turku 1914-07-09 [15]
France 44.1 °C (111.4 °F) Saint-Christol-lès-Alès 2003-08-12
Germany 40.2 °C (104.4 °F) Gärmersdorf bei Amberg / Karlsruhe & Freiburg 1983-07-27 / 2003-08-13 [16]
Hungary 41.9 °C (107.4 °F) Kiskunhalas 2007-07-08[17]
Ireland 33.3 °C (91.9 °F) Kilkenny Castle, County Kilkenny 1887-06-26[18]
Sicily 46.0 °C (114.8 °F) Catania, Sicily July, 1962[19]
Lithuania 37.5 °C (99.5 °F) Zarasai, Utena County 1994-07-30[20]
Norway 35.6 °C (96.1 °F) Nesbyen, Buskerud 1970-06-20[21]
Poland 40.2 °C (104.4 °F) Prószków 1921-07-29[22]
Portugal 50,5 °C (123.3 °F) Riodades, Portugal 1881-08-04[10]
Romania 44.5 °C (112.1 °F) Ion Sion, Brăila County 1951-08-10[23]
Slovakia 40.3 °C (104.5 °F) Hurbanovo 2007-07-20[24]
Spain 47.8 °C (118 °F) Murcia, Region of Murcia 1876-07-29[25]
Sweden 38.0 °C (100.4 °F) Ultuna, Uppland / Målilla, Småland 1933-07-09 / 1947-06-29[26]
United Kingdom 38.5 °C (101.3 °F) Brogdale, Kent 2003-08-10[27]
South America 49.1 °C (120.4 °F) Villa de María, Argentina 1920-01-02[28][1]
Antarctica 15 °C (59 °F) Vanda Station, Scott Coast 1974-01-05[1]
South Pole −14.0 °C (7.5 °F) 1978-12-27[3]
†There are a few reports of temperatures higher than this during phenomena known as heat bursts, including a report of an incredible 87 °C (188 °F) in Abadan, Iran in June 1967. These temperatures have never been confirmed, and are not recognized as world records.[29]
‡On 1889-01-16, a temperature of 53 °C (128 °F) was recorded at Cloncurry, Queensland. It was measured with a non-standard thermometer, so it is unknown if this reading was valid or not.[1]

[edit] Other warm records

[edit] Cold

[edit] Coldest temperatures ever recorded

Temperature Location Date
On earth −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F) Vostok Station, Antarctica 1983-07-21[30][2][1]
Asia −68 °C (−90 °F) Verkhoyansk and
Oymyakon, both Russia		 1892-02-07
1933-02-06[1]
India -33.9 °C (-27.4 °F) Ladakh 1911-03-22[5]
Japan -41.0 °C (-41.8 °F) Asahikawa, Hokkaidō 1902-01-25[6]
North America −66 °C (−87 °F) Northice, Greenland 1954-01-09[1]
Canada −63 °C (−81 °F) Snag, Yukon Territory, Canada 1947-02-03[2][1]
United States −62 °C (−80 °F) Prospect Creek, Alaska 1971-01-23[2]
Contiguous United States −56.5 °C (−70 °F) Rogers Pass, Montana 1954-01-20[31]
Europe −58.1°C (−72.6°F) Ust 'Shchugor, Russia 1978-12-31[10]
Croatia −35.5 °C (−31.5 °F) Čakovec 1929-02-03[11]
Czech Republic −42.2 °C (−44.0 °F) Litvínovice 1929-02-11[12]
Estonia −43.5 °C (−46.0 °F) Jõgeva 1940-01-17[14]
Finland −51.5 °C (−60.7 °F) Kittilä 1999-01-28[32]
France −41.0 °C (−41.8 °F) Mouthe 1985
Germany −45,9 °C (−50,6 °F) Funtensee 2001-12-24
Hungary −35.0 °C (−31.0 °F) Miskolc 1940-02-16[33]
Ireland −19.1 °C (−2.4 °F) Markree Castle, County Sligo 1881-01-16[18]
Lithuania −42.9 °C(−45.2 °F) Utena, Utena County 1956-02-01[20]
Norway −51.4 °C (−60.5 °F) Karasjok, Finnmark 1886-01-01[21]
Romania −38.5 °C (−37.3 °F) Bod, Braşov County 1942-01-25[23]
Poland −41.0 °C (−41.8 °F) Siedlce 1940-01-11[23]
Slovakia −41.0 °C (−41.8 °F) Vigľaš-Pstruša 1929-02-11[34]
Slovenia −34.5 °C (−30.1 °F) Babno Polje 1956-02-15 / 1956-02-16 / 1968-01-13[35]
Sweden −53 °C (−63.4 °F) Malgovik, Lappland 1941-12-13[36]
United Kingdom −27.2 °C (−17.0 °F) Braemar, Grampian
Altnaharra		 1895-02-11 and 1982-01-10
1995-12-30[27]
South America −39 °C (−38.2 °F) Valle de los Patos Superior, Argentina 1972-07-17[28]
Africa −24 °C (−11 °F) Ifrane, Morocco 1935-02-11[1]
Australia/Oceania −23 °C (−9.4 °F) Charlotte Pass, Australia 1994-06-29[1]
Hawaii −11.1 °C (12 °F) Mauna Kea Observatory, Hawaiʻi 1979-05-17[1]
New Zealand −21.6°C (−6.9 °F) Ophir, New Zealand 1995-07-03[9]

[edit] Other cold records

[edit] Precipitation

[edit] Rain

[edit] Snow

[edit] Wind speed

[edit] Tornadoes

Main article: Tornado records

[edit] Deadliest in history

[edit] Earliest known

[edit] Outbreaks

  • Deadliest: 747 were killed by the Tri-State Tornado and associated outbreak on 1925-03-18.[2]
  • Largest and most severe: 148 tornadoes occurred in 16 hours from April 3 to April 4, 1974. They affected 13 US states and Ontario, Canada, and included 24 F4's and 6 F5's, more F5's than have been reported in any other year. There were also more significant tornadoes during that 24 hours than any other entire week on record.[2]

[edit] Tropical cyclones

Main article: List of tropical cyclone records

[edit] Most intense (by minimum surface air pressure)

[edit] Other severe weather

A picture of the largest hailstone ever officially measured, almost 50 centimeters (19 inches) in circumference.

[edit] Hail

[edit] Lightning

[edit] Other categories

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Global Measured Extremes of Temperature and Precipitation. National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved on 2007-06-21.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Lyons, Walter A (1997). The Handy Weather Answer Book, 2nd Edition, Detroit, Michigan: Visible Ink press. ISBN 0-7876-1034-8. 
  3. ^ a b [1] Retrieved on 2007-06-21.
  4. ^ [2] Pakistan Meteorological Department
  5. ^ a b Extreme Weather Events India Meteorological Department
  6. ^ a b former National Rankings Japan Meteorological Agency
  7. ^ "General Climate Information", Malaysia Meterological Department. Retrieved on 9 August 2008. 
  8. ^ World Temperature Extremes Retrieved on 2007-06-21.
  9. ^ a b Carl Walrond. 'Natural environment', Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, updated 25-Sep-2007
  10. ^ a b c [3]
  11. ^ a b http://www.vjesnik.hr/pdf/2006%5C06%5C03%5C34A34.PDF
  12. ^ a b Česká republika - Česká nej - www.atlasceska.cz
  13. ^ Vejrekstremer i Danmark DMI
  14. ^ a b EMHI
  15. ^ Ilmatieteen laitos - Sää ja ilmasto - Ilmastotilastot - Ilman lämpötila
  16. ^ Wetter und Klima - Deutscher Wetterdienst - Wetter + Warnungen
  17. ^ [http://www.met.hu/omsz.php?almenu_id=climate&pid=climate_Hw&pri=4 Website of the Hungarian Meteorological Service
  18. ^ a b Temperature - Climate - Met Éireann - The Irish Meteorological Service Online
  19. ^ Extreme July Servizio Meteorologico Aeronautica Militare
  20. ^ a b www.meteo.lt (Meteorologiniai rekordai Lietuvoje)
  21. ^ a b Klima - met.no
  22. ^ Zakład Klimatologii - Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Kraków
  23. ^ a b c THERMAL EXTREMES Administratiei Nationale de Meteorologie
  24. ^ World Record Temperatures -Highest Lowest Hottest Coldest temperatures
  25. ^ Extreme Values Agencia Estatal de Meteorología
  26. ^ Högsta temperatur SMHI
  27. ^ a b Met Office: Extreme weather
  28. ^ a b http://www.smn.gov.ar/?mod=biblioteca&id=94 Servicio Meteorólogico Nacional (Argentina).
  29. ^ Burt, Christopher C [2004]. Extreme Weather. W. W. Norton & Company, p. 36. ISBN 0-393-32658-6. Retrieved on 2007-06-21. 
  30. ^ Budretsky, A.B. (1984). "New absolute minimum of air temperature" (in Russian). Bulletin of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition (Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat) (105), http://www.aari.aq/publication/abs_min/abs_min.html. 
  31. ^ http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0001377.html
  32. ^ Ilmatieteen laitos - Sää ja ilmasto - Ilmastotilastot - Lämpötilaennätyksiä - kk
  33. ^ [http://www.met.hu/omsz.php?almenu_id=climate&pid=climate_Hw&pri=4 Website of the Hungarian Meteorological Service
  34. ^ :: travel to SLOVAKIA
  35. ^ http://www.arso.gov.si/vreme/podnebje/slo_vremenski_rekordi.pdf
  36. ^ Lägsta temperatur SMHI
  37. ^ Atacama Desert @ National Geographic Magazine
  38. ^ John D. Locatelli and Peter V. Hobbs "A World Record Rainfall Rate at Holt, Missouri: Was It Due to Cold Frontogenesis Aloft?" Weather and Forecasting, Volume 10, Issue 4 (December 1995)
  39. ^ George A. Lott "The World-Record 42-Minute Holt, Missouri, Rainstorm" Monthly Weather Review, Volume 82, Issue 2 (February 1954)
  40. ^ a b 101 Amazing Earth Facts
  41. ^ NOAA: Mt. Baker snowfall record sticks
  42. ^ Center for Severe Weather Research (2006). "Doppler On Wheels". Retrieved on 2007-02-18.
  43. ^ Tornadoes in Bangladesh
  44. ^ a b TORRO: Research: Tornado Extremes
  45. ^ Tropical Cyclone Report
  46. ^ Extreme Weather: A Guide and Record Book
  47. ^ a b http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/sgx/research/Guide/weatherextremes.pdf
  48. ^ Largest Hailstone in U.S. History Found
  49. ^ Cerveny, Randall S.; Jay Lawrimore, Roger Edwards, and Christopher Landsea (June 2007). "Extreme Weather Records. Compilation, Adjudication, and Publication.". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 88 (6): 853–860. doi:10.1175/BAMS-88-6-853, http://ams.allenpress.com/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1175%2FBAMS-88-6-853. 
  50. ^ NASA - NASA Satellite Identifies the World's Most Intense Thunderstorms
  51. ^ NOVA | The Deadliest Plane Crash | Room For Error | PBS
  52. ^ NCDC: Climate-Watch, December 2001
  53. ^ Lee, Julian J.; Timothy P. Samaras, Carl R. Young (October 2004). "Pressure Measurements at the ground in an F-4 tornado". Preprints of the 22nd Conference on Severe Local Storms, Hyannis, Massachusetts: American Meteorological Society. 

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