The End (The Beatles song)

"The End" is a song by The Beatles composed by Paul McCartney (credited to Lennon/McCartney) for the album Abbey Road. It was the last song recorded collectively by all four of The Beatles, and is the final song of the medley that dominates side two of the LP version of the album.

[edit] Composition and recording

McCartney said, "I wanted [the medley] to end with a little meaningful couplet, so I followed the Bard and wrote a couplet."^[1] In his 1980 interview with Playboy, John Lennon acknowledged McCartney's authorship by saying, "That's Paul again ... He had a line in it, 'And in the end, the love you get is equal to the love you give,' which is a very cosmic, philosophical line. Which again proves that if he wants to, he can think."^[2] Lennon misquoted the line slightly; the actual words are, "And, in the end, the love you take/ Is equal to the love you make."^[3]

Recording began on 23 July 1969 when The Beatles recorded a one-minute, 20-second master take that was extended via overdubs to two minutes and five seconds. At this point, the song was called "Ending."^[4] The first vocals for the song were added on 5 August, additional vocals and guitar overdubs were added on 7 August, and bass and drums on 8 August, the day the Abbey Road cover picture was taken.^[5] Orchestral overdubs were added 15 August, and the closing piano and accompanying vocal on 18 August.^[6]

All four Beatles have a solo in "The End", including Ringo Starr's only drum solo for The Beatles.^[7] Starr disliked solos; he preferred to cater drumwork to whoever sang in a particular performance. The take in which he performed the solo originally had guitar and tambourine accompaniment,^[4] but other instruments were muted during mixing giving the effect of a drum solo. The additional instruments were restored for a remix on the Anthology 3 compilation album.^[8] The drum solo was also later used at the beginning of "Get Back" on the 2006 album Love.

McCartney, Harrison, and Lennon perform a rotating sequence of three, two-bar guitar solos.^[7][9] The solos begin approximately 53 seconds into the song and end just before the final piano part. Lennon described it in his 1970 interview with Rolling Stone: "There's a nice little bit I played on Abbey Road. Paul gave us each a piece, a little break where Paul plays, George plays and I play."^[10]

"The End" was initially intended to be the final track on Abbey Road, but it is followed by "Her Majesty". In the first practice mix of the medley, constructed on 30 July, "Her Majesty" followed "Mean Mr. Mustard" (on the released version of the album, "Her Majesty" begins with the excised final chord of "Mean Mr. Mustard"). According to sound engineer John Kurlander, McCartney said, "I don't like 'Her Majesty,' throw it away." Kurlander cut it out, but said, "I'd been told never to throw anything away, so after he left I picked it up off the floor, put about 20 seconds of red leader tape before it, and stuck it onto the end of the edit tape." When McCartney heard "Her Majesty" in its new position he liked it and decided that it should remain on the album.^[4]

[edit] Reception

Richie Unterberger of Allmusic considered "The End" to be "the group's take on the improvised jamming common to heavy rock of the late '60s, though as usual the Beatles did it with far more economic precision than anyone else."^[11] John Mendelsohn of Rolling Stone said it was "a perfect epitaph for our visit to the world of Beatle daydreams: "The love you take is equal to the love you make ..."^[12].

[edit] In popular culture

• Ringo's drum solo is re-created by Rick Moranis (playing Ringo) in an episode of SCTV.

• The Beastie Boys sampled a portion of "The End" for their track "The Sounds of Science" from "Paul's Boutique."

• In the end of the movie "Happy Feet" the quote "And in the end, the love you take is equal to the love you make" is said.

• During the 1990s, Milwaukee Brewers radio broadcasts began with the signature guitar riff from "The End".

• Les Fradkin recorded an instrumental cover version of the song for his 2005 release While My Guitar Only Plays. He recreated all the guitar solos playing identical guitars to the models The Beatles used on the original version.

• In an episode of the second series of Auf Wiedersehen, Pet, Barry Taylor (Timothy Spall) rephrases the ending lyrics in a conversation with his peers when he says "As John Lennon said, the love you take is equal to the love you make! I was never quite sure what he meant by that actually." It was however McCartney who is credited for the ending lyrics.

[edit] Personnel

• Paul McCartney: lead and backing vocals, bass, piano, and lead guitar.
• John Lennon: lead guitar, backing vocals and maracas.
• George Harrison: lead and rhythm guitars, backing vocals.
• Ringo Starr: drums and tambourine.

Credits above per Ian MacDonald^[9]

• George Martin: orchestration^[6]

[edit] Notes

1. ^ Miles, Barry (1997). Paul McCartney: Many Years From Now. New York: Henry Holt & Company, 558. ISBN 0-8050-5249-6. 
2. ^ Sheff, David (2000). All We Are Saying: The Last Major Interview with John Lennon and Yoko Ono. New York: St. Martin's Press, 204. ISBN 0-312-25464-4. 
3. ^ Hal Leonard Publishing Corporation (1993). The Beatles - Complete Scores. Milwaukee: Hal Leanord, 252–253. ISBN 0-7935-1832-6. 
4. ^ ^{a b c} Lewisohn, Mark (1988). The Beatles Recording Sessions. New York: Harmony Books, 181. ISBN 0-517-57066-1. 
5. ^ Lewisohn, Mark (1988). The Beatles Recording Sessions, 185–186. 
6. ^ ^{a b} Lewisohn, Mark (1988). The Beatles Recording Sessions, 190. 
7. ^ ^{a b} The Beatles (2000). The Beatles Anthology. San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 337. ISBN 0-8118-2684-8. 
8. ^ (1996) Album notes for Anthology 3 by The Beatles [booklet]. London: Apple Records (34451).
9. ^ ^{a b} MacDonald, Ian (2005). Revolution in the Head: The Beatles' Records and the Sixties, Second Revised Edition, London: Pimlico (Rand), 361. ISBN 1-844-13828-3. 
10. ^ Wenner, Jann S. (2000). Lennon Remembers (Full interview from Lennon's 1970 interview in Rolling Stone magazine). London: Verso, 22. ISBN 1-85984-600-9. 
11. ^ "Review of "The End"". Allmusic. Retrieved on 2007-03-01.
12. ^ "Review of Abbey Road". Rolling Stone (1969-11-15). Retrieved on 2007-03-01.