The cover of the 1992 edition.
The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History is a 1978 book by Michael H. Hart. It is a ranking of the 100 people who most influenced human history. Since publication the book has been hotly debated and its concept widely copied.
The book was reprinted in 1992 with several notable revisions made to the original list of 100 people and their associated rankings. Chief among these revisions was the demotion of figures associated with Communism, such as Vladimir Lenin and Mao Zedong, and the introduction of Mikhail Gorbachev. Hart took sides in the Shakespearean authorship issue and substituted Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford for William Shakespeare. Hart also substituted Niels Bohr and Henri Becquerel with Ernest Rutherford, thus correcting an error in the first edition. Henry Ford was also promoted from the "Honorary Mentions" list, replacing Pablo Picasso. Finally, some of the rankings were re-ordered, although no one listed in the top ten changed position.
What mainly surprised readers was the first person on Hart's list. Hart decided to choose Muhammad over Jesus or Moses despite the fact that Islam was not the largest religion. Hart attributes this to the fact that Muhammad was successful in both the religious and political realms. He also writes that Muhammad's role in the development of Islam is far more influential than Jesus's collaboration in the development of Christianity. He attributes the development of Christianity to St. Paul, who played a pivotal role in the dissemination of Christianity.
In addition, Hart wrote a 'sequel' in 1999, entitled A View From The Year 3000, in which he writes from the perspective of a person from that year ranking the most influential people in history. Roughly half of those entries are fictitious people from 2000-3000, but roughly half are actual people, most of whom are taken from the 1992 edition, though many have been reranked in order.
[edit] Hart's Top 20 (from the 1992 edition)
Rank
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Name
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Influence
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1
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Muhammad (570-632)
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He is the central human figure of the religion of Islam and is regarded by Muslims as the messenger and prophet of God.
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2
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Isaac Newton (1643 – 1727)
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He was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, and theologian.
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3
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Jesus Christ (2 BC-36)
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He is the central figure of Christianity and is revered by most Christian churches as the Son of God and the incarnation of God. He is also the Prophet of Allah in the religion of Islam
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4
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Buddha (563 BC-483 BC)
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He was a spiritual teacher and the founder of Buddhism.
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5
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Confucius (551 BC-479 BC)
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He was a Chinese thinker and social philosopher, whose teachings and philosophy have deeply influenced Chinese, Korean, Japanese, and Vietnamese thought and life.
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6
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St. Paul (5-67)
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He was one of the most notable of early Christian missionaries.
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7
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Ts'ai Lun (50-121)
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He was the inventor of paper and the papermaking process.
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8
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Johannes Gutenberg (1398-1468)
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He was a German printer who invented the mechanical printing press.
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9
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Christopher Columbus (1451-1506)
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He was an Italian navigator, colonizer and explorer whose voyages led to general European awareness of the American continents.
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10
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Albert Einstein (1879-1955)
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He is best known for his theory of relativity and specifically mass–energy equivalence, expressed by the equation E = mc2.
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11
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Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)
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He was a French chemist and microbiologist best known for his remarkable breakthroughs in the causes and prevention of disease.
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12
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Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)
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He was a Tuscan (Italian) physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher who played a major role in the Scientific Revolution.
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13
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Aristotle (384 BC-322 BC)
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He was a Greek philosopher, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great.
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14
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Euclid (fl. 300 BC)
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He was a Greek mathematician and is often referred to as the Father of Geometry.
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15
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Moses (c. 1500 BC)
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He is a Biblical Hebrew religious leader, lawgiver, prophet, and military leader, to whom the authorship of the Torah is traditionally attributed.
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16
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Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
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He was an English naturalist who realized and demonstrated that all species of life have evolved over time from common ancestors through the process he called natural selection.
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17
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Shih Huang Ti (259 BC-210 BC)
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He became the first emperor of a unified China.
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18
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Augustus Caesar (63 BC-14)
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He became the first emperor of the Roman Empire.
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19
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Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543)
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He was the first astronomer to formulate a scientifically-based heliocentric cosmology that displaced the Earth from the center of the universe.
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20
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Antoine Laurent Lavoisier (1743-1794)
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He was the father of modern chemistry.
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[edit] References
- Hart, Michael H. The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History, Revised and Updated for the Nineties. New York: Carol Publishing Group/Citadel Press; first published in 1978, reprinted with minor revisions 1992. ISBN 9780806510682 Preview.
[edit] External links
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