Tallest buildings in New York City

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Skyline of Midtown Manhattan from the observation deck of the GE Building

This list of tallest buildings in New York City ranks skyscrapers in the U.S. city of New York City, New York by height. The tallest building in New York City is the 102-story Empire State Building, which rises 1250ft (381m) and 1472ft (449m) by pinnacle height, in Midtown Manhattan and was completed in 1931.[1] It also stands as the second-tallest building in the United States and the tenth-tallest building in the world, and stood as the tallest building in the world from its completion until 1972. The second-tallest building in the city is the topped-out Bank of America Tower, which rises 1,200 feet (366 m) in height.[2] The building, which is still under construction, is expected to be complete by late 2008.[2] The third-tallest building in the city, and the second-tallest completed structure, is the 1,046-foot (319 m) Chrysler Building, which stood as the world's tallest building from 1930 until 1931.[3]

The history of skyscrapers in New York City began with the completion of the World Building in 1890; the structure rose 348 feet (106 m) in height.[4] Though not the city's first high-rise, it was the first building to surpass the 284-foot (87 m) spire of Trinity Church.[5] The World Building, which stood as the tallest in the city until 1899, was demolished in 1955 to allow for the construction of an expanded entrance to the Brooklyn Bridge.[5] Historically, New York has played a prominent role in the development of the skyscraper; since 1890, eleven structures in the city have held the title of world's tallest building.[6] New York City went through a very early high-rise construction boom that lasted from the early 1910s to the early 1930s, during which 16 of the city's 82 tallest buildings were constructed. During this time, the city saw the construction of the Bank of Manhattan Trust Building, the Chrysler Building, and the Empire State Building, each of which stood as the tallest building in the world at the time of its completion.[6] A second large skyscraper boom has lasted from 1960 to the present. During this time, the city has seen the completion of nearly 70 structures rising at least 600 feet (183 m) in height, including the twin towers of the World Trade Center. The North Tower of this complex, officially known as "One World Trade Center", stood as the tallest building in the world from 1972 until 1973 and the tallest building in New York City until 2001.[7] However, the North Tower, as well as the other six buildings in the World Trade Center complex, were destroyed in the September 11 attacks.[8]

The skyscrapers that have been constructed in New York are mostly concentrated in Midtown and Lower Manhattan, although other neighborhoods of Manhattan and the boroughs of Brooklyn, Queens, and The Bronx also have significant amounts of high-rises. As of June 2008, the entire city is the site of 191 buildings that rise at least 500 feet (152 m) in height, with 24 more under construction;[9] this is more than any other city in the United States.[10] As of August 2008, there are 5,538 completed high-rises in the city.[11] This is more than any other city in United States, and the world. Since 2003, New York City has seen the completion of 12 buildings that rise at least 600 feet (183 m) in height. Fifteen more are under construction, including the 1,776-foot (541 m) Freedom Tower.[12] Also known as One World Trade Center, it is part of the complex that will replace the destroyed World Trade Center; this complex also includes the proposed 1,339-foot (408 m) 200 Greenwich Street,[13] the under construction 1,255-foot (383 m) 175 Greenwich Street,[14] the under construction 975-foot (297 m) 150 Greenwich Street,[15] the proposed 743-foot (226 m) 130 Liberty Street,[16] and the completed 741-foot (226 m) 7 World Trade Center.[17] As of June 2008, there are 338 high-rise buildings under construction, approved for construction, and proposed for construction in New York City.[18]

Contents


Skyline of New York City from Newark, New Jersey
Skyline of New York City from Newark, New Jersey

[edit] Tallest buildings

The Empire State Building, New York City's tallest building
The Chrysler Building, the city's third-tallest building
40 Wall Street was the tallest building in the world upon its completion in 1930.
The GE Building, New York's ninth-tallest building, is also the tallest building in the Rockefeller Center complex.
The MetLife Building, the 13th-tallest building in New York City
The Woolworth Building, the 15th-tallest building in New York City
7 World Trade Center is the 27th-tallest building in New York City, and the first building of the World Trade Center complex to be reconstructed.
The World Financial Center in Lower Manhattan contains the city's 29th- and 57th-tallest buildings.
The Sony Building, New York's 56th-tallest building

This list ranks New York City skyscrapers that stand at least 600 feet (183 m) tall, based on standard height measurement. This includes spires and architectural details but does not include antenna masts.

Rank Name Height
ft / m		 Floors Year Notes
1 Empire State Building 01.01,250 / 381 102 1931 10th-tallest building in the world, 2nd-tallest in the United States. First building in the world to contain over 100 floors.[1][19]
2 Bank of America Tower* 02.01,200 / 366 54 2008 this building was topped out in December 2007. 13th-tallest building in the world, 3rd-tallest in the United States.[2][20]
3= Chrysler Building 03.01,046 / 319 77 1930 25th-tallest building in the world, 6th-tallest in the United States. First man-made structure in the world to rise higher than 1,000 ft (305 m). Stood as the tallest building in the world from 1930 until 1931, and also surpassed the Eiffel Tower to become the world's tallest structure. Tallest all-brick building in the world.[3][21]
3= New York Times Tower 04.01,046 / 319 52 2007 25th-tallest building in the world, 6th-tallest in the United States.[22][23]
5 American International Building 05.0952 / 290 66 1932 44th-tallest building in the world, 16th-tallest in the United States. Tallest building in Lower Manhattan.[24][25]
6 40 Wall Street 06.0927 / 283 70 1930 53rd-tallest building in the world, 20th-tallest in the United States. Also known as the Trump Building.[26][27]
7 Citigroup Center 07.0915 / 279 59 1977 58th-tallest building in the world, 22nd-tallest in the United States.[28][29]
8 Trump World Tower 08.0861 / 262 72 2001 79th-tallest building in the world, 28th-tallest in the United States. Tallest all-residential building in New York City and the United States.[30][31]
9 GE Building 09.0850 / 259 70 1933 93rd-tallest building in the world, 32nd-tallest in the United States.[32][33]
10 CitySpire Center 10.0814 / 248 75 1987 123rd-tallest building in the world, 39th-tallest in the United States.[34][35]
11 One Chase Manhattan Plaza 11.0813 / 248 60 1961 125th-tallest building in the world, 40th-tallest in the United States.[36][37]
12 Condé Nast Building 12.0809 / 247 48 1999 130th-tallest building in the world, 41st-tallest in the United States. Also known as Four Times Square.[38][39]
13 MetLife Building 13.0808 / 246 59 1963 131st-tallest building in the world, 42nd-tallest in the United States.[40][41]
14 Bloomberg Tower 14.0806 / 246 54 2005 132nd-tallest building in the world, 43rd-tallest in the United States.[42][43]
15 Woolworth Building 15.0792 / 241 57 1913 148th-tallest building in the world, 44th-tallest in the United States.[44][45]
16 One Worldwide Plaza 16.0778 / 237 50 1989 175th-tallest building in the world, 53rd-tallest in the United States.[46][47]
17 Carnegie Hall Tower 17.0757 / 231 60 1991 199th-tallest building in the world, 61st-tallest in the United States.[48][49]
18 383 Madison Avenue 18.0755 / 230 47 2001 64th-tallest building in the United States. Formerly known as the Bear Sterns World Headquarters.[50][51]
19 AXA Center 19.0752 / 229 54 1986 65th-tallest building in the United States.[52][53]
20= One Penn Plaza 20.0750 / 229 57 1972 66th-tallest building in the United States.[54][55]
20= 1251 Avenue of the Americas 21.0750 / 229 54 1971 66th-tallest building in the United States.[56][57]
20= Time Warner Center South Tower 22.0750 / 229 55 2004 66th-tallest building in the United States.[58][59]
20= Time Warner Center North Tower 23.0750 / 229 55 2004 66th-tallest building in the United States.[59][60]
24= 60 Wall Street 24.0745 / 227 55 1989 73rd-tallest building in the United States. Also known as the Deutsche Bank Headquarters.[61][62]
24= One Astor Plaza 25.0745 / 227 54 1972 73rd-tallest building in the United States.[63][64]
26 One Liberty Plaza 26.0743 / 226 54 1973 76th-tallest building in the United States.[65][66]
27= 20 Exchange Place 27.0741 / 226 57 1931 77th-tallest building in the United States.[67][68]
27= 7 World Trade Center 28.0741 / 226 49 2006 77th-tallest building in the United States.[17][69]
29 Three World Financial Center 29.0739 / 225 51 1986 81st-tallest building in the United States.[70][71]
30 Bertelsmann Building 30.0733 / 223 42 1990 85th-tallest building in the United States.[72][73]
31 Times Square Tower 31.0726 / 221 47 2004 92nd-tallest building in the United States.[74][75]
32 Metropolitan Tower 32.0716 / 218 68 1987 98th-tallest building in the United States.[76][77]
33 500 Fifth Avenue 33.0709 / 216 60 1931 101st-tallest building in the United States.[78][79]
34 JP Morgan Chase World Headquarters 34.0707 / 215 52 1960 104th-tallest building in the United States.[80][81]
35 General Motors Building 35.0705 / 215 50 1968 105th-tallest building in the United States.[82][83]
36 Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower 36.0700 / 213 50 1909 106th-tallest building in the United States.[84][85]
37 Americas Tower 37.0692 / 211 50 1992 [86][87]
38 Solow Building 38.0689 / 210 50 1974 [88][89]
39 HSBC Bank Building 39.0688 / 210 52 1967 Also known as Marine Midland Building.[90][91]
40= 55 Water Street 40.0687 / 209 53 1972 [92][93]
40= 277 Park Avenue 41.0687 / 209 50 1962 [94][95]
42 1585 Broadway 42.0685 / 209 42 1989 Also known as the Morgan Stanley World Headquarters.[96][97]
43 Random House Tower 43.0684 / 208 52 2003 [98][99]
44 Four Seasons Hotel New York 44.0682 / 208 52 1993 Tallest all-hotel building in the city.[100][101]
45 McGraw-Hill Building 45.0674 / 205 51 1969 Also known as 1221 Avenue of the Americas.[102][103]
46= Lincoln Building 46.0673 / 205 55 1930 [104][105]
46= Barclay Tower 47.0673 / 205 56 2007 [106][107]
48 Paramount Plaza 48.0670 / 204 48 1971 [108][109]
49 Trump Tower 49.0664 / 202 58 1983 [110][111]
50 One Court Square 50.0658 / 201 50 1990 Tallest building in New York City outside of Manhattan. Tallest building on Long Island and in the Borough of Queens. Formerly known as the Citicorp Building.[112][113]
51 Bank of New York Building 51.0654 / 199 50 1931 [114][115]
52 599 Lexington Avenue 62.0653 / 199 50 1986 [116][117]
53 712 5th Avenue 53.0650 / 198 52 1990 [118][119]
54 Chanin Building 54.0649 / 198 56 1930 [120][121]
55 245 Park Avenue 55.0648 / 198 44 1966 [122][123]
56 Sony Building 56.0647 / 197 37 1984 Formerly known as the AT&T Building.[124][125]
57 Two World Financial Center 57.0645 / 197 44 1987 [126][127]
58= One New York Plaza 58.0640 / 195 50 1969 [128][129]
58= 570 Lexington Avenue 59.0640 / 195 50 1931 Also known as the General Electric Building.[130][131]
60 345 Park Avenue 60.0634 / 193 44 1969 [132][133]
61= W. R. Grace Building 61.0630 / 192 50 1971 [134][135]
61= Home Insurance Plaza 62.0630 / 192 45 1966 [136][137]
61= 1095 Avenue Of The Americas 63.0630 / 192 40 1974 Also known as Verizon World Headquarters. Under reconstruction.[138][139]
64 101 Park Avenue 64.0629 / 192 49 1982 [140][141]
65= One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza 65.0628 / 191 49 1972 [142][143]
65= Central Park Place 66.0628 / 191 56 1988 [144][145]
65= 888 7th Avenue 67.0628 / 191 46 1971 [146][147]
68= Waldorf-Astoria Hotel 68.0625 / 191 47 1931 [148][149]
68= Burlington House 69.0625 / 191 50 1969 [150][151]
70 Trump Palace Condominiums 70.0623 / 190 54 1991 [152][153]
71= Olympic Tower 71.0620 / 189 51 1976 [154][155]
71= Mercantile Building 72.0620 / 189 48 1929 Also known as 10 East 40th Street.[156][157]
73 425 5th Avenue 73.0618 / 188 55 2003 [158][159]
74= The Epic 74.0615 / 187 58 2007 [160][161]
74= 919 Third Avenue 75.0615 / 187 47 1971 [162][163]
74= New York Life Building 76.0615 / 187 40 1928 [164][165]
74= 750 7th Avenue 77.0615 / 187 40 1989 [166][167]
78 Tower 49 78.0614 / 187 45 1985 [168][169]
79 Credit Lyonnais Building 79.0609 / 186 45 1964 [170][171]
80 The Orion 80.0604 / 184 58 2006 [172][173]
81 590 Madison Avenue 81.0603 / 184 41 1983 Also known as the IBM Building.[174][175]
82 Marsh & McLennan Headquarters 82.0600 / 183 44 1974 [176]

* indicates still under construction, but has been topped out

Skyline of Midtown Manhattan, as seen from the observation deck of the GE Building
Skyline of Midtown Manhattan, as seen from the observation deck of the GE Building

[edit] Tallest buildings by pinnacle height

The Condé Nast Building, the third-tallest building in New York when measuring by pinnacle height

This list ranks New York City skyscrapers based on their pinnacle height, which includes radio masts and antennas. As architectural features and spires can be regarded as subjective, some skyscraper enthusiasts prefer this method of measurement. Standard architectural height measurement, which excludes antennas in building height, is included for comparative purposes.

Rank Name Pinnacle height
ft / m		 Standard height
ft / m		 Reference
1 Empire State Building 01.01,472 / 449 01.01,250 / 381 [19]
2 Bank of America Tower 02.01,200 / 366 02.01,200 / 366 [20]
3 Condé Nast Building 03.01,118 / 341 09.0809 / 247 [39]
4= Chrysler Building 04.01,046 / 319 03.01,046 / 319 [21]
4= New York Times Building 05.01,046 / 319 04.01,046 / 319 [23]
6 American International Building 06.0952 / 290 05.0952 / 290 [25]
7 Bloomberg Tower 07.0941 / 287 10.0806 / 246 [43]
8 40 Wall Street 08.0927 / 283 06.0927 / 283 [27]
9 Citigroup Center 09.0915 / 279 07.0915 / 279 [29]
10 Trump World Tower 10.0861 / 262 08.0861 / 262 [31]

[edit] Tallest building by borough

One Hanson Place is the tallest building in the Borough of Brooklyn.

This lists the tallest building in each borough of New York City.

Borough Name Height
ft / m		 Floors Year Reference
01.0The Bronx Tracey Towers Apartments I 04.0400 / 122 04.041 1972 [177]
02.0Brooklyn One Hanson Place 03.0512 / 156 03.042 1929 [178]
03.0Manhattan Empire State Building 01.01,250 / 381 01.0102 1931 [1]
04.0Queens One Court Square 02.0658 / 201 02.050 1990 [112]
05.0Staten Island Power plant

[edit] Tallest under construction, approved or proposed

 This article or section contains information about expected future buildings or structures.
Some or all of this information may be speculative, and the content may change as building construction begins.
Construction site of the Freedom Tower, New York's future tallest building, in October 2007
The now topped-out Bank of America Tower under construction in September 2007

[edit] Under construction

This lists buildings that are under construction in New York City and are expected to rise at least 600 feet (183 m) in height. Under construction buildings that have already been topped out are also included. A floor count of 50 stories is used as the cutoff in place of a height of 600 feet (183 m) for buildings whose heights have not yet been released by their developers.

Name Height
ft / m		 Floors Year* Notes
Freedom Tower 01.01,776 / 541 108 2011 Also known as World Trade Center One.[12][179]
200 Greenwich Street 01.01,350 / 411 79 2012 Also known as World Trade Center Tower Two.[13][180]
175 Greenwich Street 02.01,255 / 383 71 2011 Also known as World Trade Center Tower Three.[14][181]
Bank of America Tower 03.01,200 / 366 54 2008 [182][183]
150 Greenwich Street 04.0975 / 297 64 2012 Also known as World Trade Center Tower Four.[15][184]
Beekman Place Tower 05.0876 / 267 76 2009 [185][186]
56 Leonard Street 06.0796 / 243 58 2010 [187]
Goldman Sachs New World Headquarters 07.0740 / 228 44 2009 [188][189]
50 West Street 08.0725 / 221 63 2011 [190]
610 Lexington Avenue 09.0687 / 209 61 2010 Construction of this building has been suspended.[191][192]
Silver Towers 1 10.0653 / 199 58 2009 [193]
Silver Towers 2 10.0653 / 199 58 2009 [194]
400 5th Avenue 11.0632 / 193 58 2009 [195]
W New York Downtown, Hotel and Residences 11.1630 / 192 57 2009 [196]
123 Washington Street 12.0630 / 192 53 2008 [197]
1095 Avenue Of The Americas 13.0630 / 192 40 [138][139]
605 West 42nd Street 13.1618 / 188 57 2010 [198]
One Madison Park 14.0617 / 188 51 2008 [199][200]
440 West 42nd Street 14.2617 / 188 55 2009 [201]
Fitzpatrick Hotel/JD Carlisle Development 14.5614 / 187 53 2009 [202]
Times Square Plaza 15.0601 / 183 40 2009 [203]

* Table entries without text indicate that information regarding dates of completion have not yet been released.

[edit] Approved

This lists buildings that are approved in New York City and are expected to rise at least 600 feet (183 m) in height.

Name Height
ft / m		 Floors Year Notes
Four Seasons Hotel and Condominiums 02.0912 / 278 68 2011 [204]
360 Tenth Avenue 03.0774 / 236 61 [205]
Nobu Hotel and Residences 04.1650 / 198 62 [206]

* Table entries without text indicate that information regarding dates of completion has not yet been released.

[edit] Proposed

Artist's rendition of the proposed Hudson Place Towers

This lists buildings that are proposed in New York City and are expected to rise at least 600 feet (183 m) in height. A floor count of 50 stories is used as the cutoff in place of a height of 600 feet (183 m) for buildings whose heights have not yet been released by their developers.

Name Height*
ft / m		 Floors* Year* Notes
One Centraltower Interstate Center 01.03,011 / 917 275 2015 Will become the tallest building and structure in the world, pinnacle height: 3844ft (1171m)
Two Centraltower Interstate Center 01.03,004 / 915 275 2015
Banktower 01.02,725 / 830 250 2014 Pinnacle Height: 3213ft (979m)
Madison Square Garden Tower I 01.01,400 / 427 112 [207]
Madison Square Garden Tower II 02.01,400 / 427 112 [207]
Hudson Place Tower I 03.01,300 / 396 110 2015 [208]
Manhattan West Tower I 04.01,216 / 371 66 2013 [209]
Tower Verre 05.01,154 / 351 75 Also known as the MoMA Expansion Tower and 53 West 53rd Street.[210][211]
Hudson Place Tower II 06.01,080 / 329 2015 [208]
World Product Center 06.5977 / 297 60 2013 [212]
Manhattan West Tower II 07.0935 / 285 60 2013 [213]
708 First Avenue Tower I 08.0864 / 263 57 2008 [214]
685 First Avenue 09.0836 / 255[A] 67 2008 [215][216]
130 Liberty Street 10.0743 / 226 42 2013 Also known as World Trade Center Tower Five.[16][217]
700 1st Avenue Tower III 11.0689 / 210 66 [218]
708 1st Avenue 13.0666 / 203 45 [219]
20 East 53rd Street 14.0648 / 198 50 2009 [220]
400 5th Avenue 15.0632 / 193 57 2009 [221]
700 1st Avenue Tower 2 16.0631 / 192 60 [222]
160 West 62nd Street 17.0621 / 189 57 2010 [223]
Atlantic Yards Building 1 18.0620 / 189 [224]
700 First Avenue Tower 1 20.0600 / 183 57 [225]
Silvercup Studios West Tower 1 21.0600 / 183 57 2009 [226][227]
Queens Street Apartments 22.0600 / 183 [228]
GiraSole 23.0 60 2011 [229]
Vornado Tower 24.0 60 2009 [230]

* Table entries without text indicate that information regarding one or more of building heights, floor counts, and dates of completion has not yet been released.

Skyline of Lower Manhattan from Jersey City
Skyline of Lower Manhattan from Jersey City

[edit] Tallest destroyed

The twin towers of the World Trade Center, which stood as the two tallest buildings in the city before being destroyed on September 11, 2001

This lists buildings in New York City that were destroyed or are undergoing demolition and at one time stood at least 500 feet (152 m) in height.

Name Height
ft / m		 Floors Year
completed		 Year
destroyed		 Notes
One World Trade Center 01.01,368 / 417 110 1972 2001 Destroyed in the September 11 attacks. Stood as the tallest building in the world from 1972 until 1974.[7][231]
Two World Trade Center 02.01,362 / 415 110 1973 2001 Destroyed in the September 11 attacks.[232][233]
Singer Building 03.0612 / 187 47 1908 1968 Demolished to make room for One Liberty Plaza. Stood as the tallest building in the world from 1908 until 1909.[234][235]
7 World Trade Center 04.0570 / 174 47 1987 2001 Destroyed in the September 11 attacks.[236][237]
Deutsche Bank Building 05.0565 / 172 40 1974 2008 Currently being deconstructed due to damage sustained in the September 11 attacks.[238][239]

[edit] Timeline of tallest buildings

The World Building stood as the tallest building New York City from 1890 to 1899, and was the first high-rise in the city to surpass the spire of Trinity Church in height.

This lists buildings that once held the title of tallest building in New York City. Every building on the list below, with the exception of Trinity Church, stood as the tallest building in the world at the time of its completion.[6]

Name Street address Years as tallest Height
ft / m		 Floors Reference
Trinity Church 06.079 Broadway 1846–1890 12.0279 / 85 1 [240]
World Building[B] 12.0Frankfort Street 1890–1899 11.0348 / 106 20[C] [4]
Manhattan Life Insurance Building[B] 05.064–70 Broadway 1894–1899 10.0348 / 106 18 [241]
Park Row Building 03.013–21 Park Row 1899–1908 09.0391 / 119 30 [242]
Singer Building 07.0149 Broadway 1908–1909 08.0612 / 187 47 [235]
Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower 01.01 Madison Avenue 1909–1913 07.0700 / 213 50 [85]
Woolworth Building 08.0233 Broadway 1913–1930 06.0792 / 241 57 [45]
Bank of Manhattan Trust Building[D] 04.040 Wall Street 1930 04.0927 / 283 70 [27]
Chrysler Building 11.0405 Lexington Avenue 1930–1931 04.01,046 / 319 77 [21]
Empire State Building 09.0350 Fifth Avenue 1931–1972 02.01,250 / 381 102 [19]
World Trade Center 01.01 World Trade Center 1972–2001 01.01,368 / 417 110 [231]
Empire State Building 09.0350 Fifth Avenue 2001–present 02.01,250 / 381 102 [19]

[edit] See also


[edit] Notes

A. ^ The height and floor count of 685 First Avenue vary from 836 ft (255 m) with 67 stories to 718 feet (219 m) with 69 stories. An official height has not yet been confirmed by the developer.
B. ^ a b The Manhattan Life Insurance Building, completed in 1894, tied the height of the World Building. The city therefore had two tallest buildings for a period of five years, until the Park Row Building was completed in 1899.
C. ^ The floor count of the World Building has been disputed. Upon construction, the building was said to contain up to 26 floors, but in recent years the building has been said to contain as few as 16 floors.[5]
D. ^ This building was constructed as the Bank of Manhattan Trust Building, but is now more commonly known as 40 Wall Street and officially known as the Trump Building.

[edit] References

General
Specific
  1. ^ a b c "Empire State Building". Emporis.com. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
  2. ^ a b c "Bank of America Tower". Emporis.com. Retrieved on 2007-12-31.
  3. ^ a b "Chrysler Building". Emporis.com. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
  4. ^ a b "World Building". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
  5. ^ a b c "World Building". Emporis.com. Retrieved on 2008-06-16.
  6. ^ a b c "World's Tallest Towers: Timeline of all Skyscrapers Holding the Title of Tallest Building in the World From 1890 to the Present". skyscraper.org. Retrieved on 2008-06-16.
  7. ^ a b "One World Trade Center". Emporis.com. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
  8. ^ "World Trade Center". Emporis.com. Retrieved on 2008-06-16.
  9. ^ "Diagram of New York City skyscrapers". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved on 2007-08-24.
  10. ^ "Most Active: Continents: North America: U.S.A.". Emporis.com. Retrieved on 2008-06-16.
  11. ^ "High-rise Buildings of New York City". Emporis.com. Retrieved on 2008-06-16.
  12. ^ a b "Freedom Tower". Emporis.com. Retrieved on 2008-04-12.
  13. ^ a b "Two World Trade Center". Emporis.com. Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  14. ^ a b "Three World Trade Center". Emporis.com. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
  15. ^ a b "Four World Trade Center". Emporis.com. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
  16. ^ a b Appelbaum, Alec (2