El directorio enciclopédico desde la Wikipedia.
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Culture · Geography · Health · History · Mathematics · Natural sciences · Philosophy · Religion · Society · Technology .png) Exonumia is the study of coin-like objects such as token coins and medals, and other items used in place of legal currency or for commemoration. Notaphily is the study of paper money or banknotes. Scripophily is the study and collection of stocks and Bonds. Numismatics is an ancient discipline, reaching as far back as Julius Caesar, who is often credited with writing the first book on numismatics. It can include the study of many different aspects relating to coins, including history, geography, economics, metallurgy, usage, and manufacturing processes. Economic and historical studies of money's use and development are separate to the numismatists' study of money's physical embodiment (although the fields are related; economic theories of money's origin depend upon numismatics, for example). More about Numismatics...
 In economics, fiat currency or fiat money is money whose purchasing power derives from a declaratory fiat or an authoritative order of the government issuing it. It is often associated with paper money unbacked by fixed assets, issued without the promise of redemption in some other form, and accepted by tradition or social convention. Fiat money is called fiduciary money in many languages. The widespread acceptance of a fiat currency is enhanced by a central authority mandating its acceptance under penalty of law and demanding it in payment of taxes or tribute. Fiat money can be contrasted with alternative forms of currency such as commodity money and private currency. Most currencies in the world have been fiat money since the end of the international gold standard of the Bretton Woods system in 1971.  Credit: commons:User:Richardfabi 
The British Fifty Pence coin was issued on October 14, 1969 in the run-up to decimalisation. The coin is minted from an alloy of 75% copper and 25% nickel. Note that the coin is not circular but an equilaterally curved heptagon. This denomination has frequently been used for commemorative purposes, and consequently there are more design variations in this coin than in any other current British denomination. The normal reverse of the coin, designed by Christopher Ironside, depicts the seated Britannia with a lion. Three different effigies of Queen Elizabeth II have been used on the obverse.  Credit: Ronald Wise, banknoteworld Back of 100 Kyrgyz som, printed and issued in 2002.
January 1, 2008 Venezuela launched a new currency with the new year, lopping off three zeros from denominations in a bid to simplify finances and boost confidence in a money that has been losing value due to high inflation. The new currency is called bolívar fuerte or "strong bolívar". Officials also say it is part of a broader effort to contain rising prices and strengthen the economy. More...
Today at midnight, the Cyprus and the Malta adopted the euro as their official currency; less than four years after their accession to the European Union. The single currency has replaced the Cypriot pound and the Maltese lira at a rate of one euro to 0.585274 Cypriot pound and 0.4293 to the Maltese lira. In both countries the euro was welcomed with outdoor celebrations, including a fireworks display in Malta's capital Valletta. More... Designs for three of four themes proposed for the reverse of 2009 Lincoln cents to honor Abraham Lincoln's life were endorsed by the Citizens Coinage Advisory Committee. More... Money - Coins - Banknotes - Electronic money - Exchange rate - Legal tender - Clubs - Terminology Ancient currency: Asia - Byzantium - Greece - Primitive Money - Roman - Indian coinage Modern currency: Africa - The Americas - Asia and the Pacific - Europe - Bullion coins - Challenge coin - Commemorative coins - Token coins Economics: Banking - Bonds - Cheques - Credit Cards - Fiat currency - Gold standard - Mints - Monetary union - Reserve currency - Stocks Production: Coining (machining) - Designers - Die making - Mint (coin) • Coinage Metals: Aluminum - Bronze - Copper - Gold - Platinum - Silver - Tin Directorio de Enlaces Directorio dmoz Directorio espejo dmoz Pedro Bernardo |
