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"Pommern" redirects here. For other uses, see Pommern (disambiguation).
"Pomorze" redirects here. For the village, see Pomorze, Podlaskie Voivodeship.
Pomerania (German: Pommern, Polish: Pomorze, Kashubian: Pòmòrze or Pòmòrskô, Latin: Pomerania or Pomorania) is a German and Polish region on the south coast of the Baltic Sea, stretching roughly from the Recknitz River near Stralsund in the west and the Oder River delta near Szczecin to the mouth of the Vistula River near Gdańsk in the east. It is inhabited by Germans, Poles and Kashubians. Pomerania was strongly affected by 20th century border and population changes. 
[edit] GeographyPomerania is the area along the Bay of Pomerania of the Baltic Sea between the rivers Recknitz in the west, Vistula in the east, and Noteć and Warta in the south. The western coastline is jagged, with lots of peninsulae (e.g., Darß-Zingst) and islands (Rügen, Usedom, Wolin and other, small isles) enclosing numerous bays (Bodden) and lagoons (e.g., the Lagoon of Szczecin). The eastern coastline is smooth. The lakes Łebsko, Jamno and Gardno were formerly bays but have been cut off from the sea. The easternmost coastline along the Gdańsk Bay (with Bay of Puck) and Vistula Bay has the Hel peninsula and the Vistula peninsula jut out into the Baltic. The mainland consists of low elevation plains and hills. [edit] EtymologyPomerania in all languages is an adaptation of Old Slavic "po", meaning "by/next to/along", and "more", meaning "sea", thus "Pomerania" is literally "seacoast", referring to its proximity to the Baltic Sea. There is a probable first mention of Pomerania as the Latin "longum mare" ("long sea") in a monastery document or note from around 1080, the Dagome iudex, shortened copy of an earlier document supposedly referring to the year 992. The document speaks of Oda von Haldensleben and her husband "Dagome", presumably the Polish ruler Mieszko I, and refers to territory gifted by "Dagome" to the Pope. An imperial document of 1046 makes an actual first mention of "Pomerania" in reference to "Zemuzil dux Bomeranorum" (Zemuzil, Duke of the Pomeranians). From then on, "Pomerania" appears repeatedly in the chronicles of Adam of Bremen (ca. 1070) and Gallus Anonymous (ca. 1113). [edit] AdministrationThe Polish parts of Pomerania are within the West Pomeranian, Pomeranian, and Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship. The German part of Pomerania is included within the Federal State of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, with petty areas also in Brandenburg. [edit] Subdivisions of Pomerania[edit] Current regions
Currently, Pomerania is divided into the regions
The Euroregion Pomerania comprises German Western Pomerania and Uckermark, Polish Zachodniepomorskie, and Scania in Sweden. Some confusion can come about as today there are provinces using the term Western Pomerania in both Germany and Poland (see Western Pomerania (disambiguation)). Also, Eastern Pomerania may refer to Gdansk Pomerania and areas in Zachodniopomorskie as well. [edit] Historical regions
Most of Pomerania was within the former eastern territories of Germany. During and after World War II, all areas east of the Oder-Neisse line were ceded to Poland, ethnically cleansed of Germans and resettled with Poles. The former German administrative division of the area was replaced by voivodeships of different shape. Also, the traditional German naming for the Pomerenian regions was replaced by a Polish terminology.
[edit] VorpommernVorpommern, also Hither or Western Pomerania, comprised the area between the Recknitz and the Oder rivers, making up the western part of the former Province of Pomerania. While most of this region is still within Germany and continues the use of the name, the major cities of Stettin (now Szczecin)and Swinemünde (now Świnoujście) as well as the adjacted area (Stettiner Zipfel) became part of Poland and are now part of the Zachodniopomorskie region. [edit] Farther PomeraniaFarther or Further Pomerania, also Hinterpommern, Eastern Pomerania or Ostpommern are the terms used to describe the eastern part of the former Province of Pomerania, stretching from the Oder River to Lauenburg i. Pom., (now Lebork). All of Farther Pomerania became a part of Poland after World War II and thereafter lost its territorial integrity. The bulk of Farther Pomerania is included within the West Pomeranian Voivodeship comprising the Zachodniopomorskie region. The easternmost parts, most notably the Stolp (now Sluspsk) area today are in the Pomeranian Voivodeship comprising the Gdansk Pomerania region. [edit] PomereliaPomerelia or Pommerellen is a historical region in the Southeast of Pomerania. Most of this region was not included in the Province of Pomerania but in West Prussia, therefore it is in many cases not considered to be part of Pomerania. Yet, Pomerelia's medieval Samboride dukes were entitled Duke of Pomerania, and in Polish terminology Pomorze (Pomerania) is used for Pomerelia even preferably, while Pomerania proper is termed Zachodniopomorskie (Western Pomerania). The modern Gdansk Pomerania (major) and Zachodniopomorskie (east) regions, the West Pomeranian Voivodeship (east), Pomeranian Voivodeship (bulk) and the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (north) encompass the historical Pomerelia, but also many other regions. [edit] Polish terminologyPolish terminology divides Pomerania into:
The former covers roughly the territories referred to in German as Vorpommern and Hinterpommern, the latter corresponds to Pommerellen (Pomerelia). Under Polish administration a number of several different voivodeships all using the name Pomerania have been established. Kashubian geographic terminology with regard to Pomerania is similar to Polish, and distinguishes between Zôpadnô Pòmòrskô (Western Pomerania) and Pòrénkòwô Pòmòrskô (Eastern Pomerania). [edit] Demographics
The biggest cities are (with population figures for 1999):
and Świnoujście, Kołobrzeg, Sopot, Malbork, Kwidzyn, Szczecinek, Lębork, Chojnice, Iława, Ostróda, Police, Wałcz
[edit] History of Pomerania (Timeline)For a detailed history, see History of Pomerania.
For the history before 1121, see Pomeranians.
For the history of the Pomeranian duchies (1121–1630), see Pomeranian duchies and dukes.
For the history of Pomerania as a Swedish province (1630–1815), see Swedish Pomerania.
For the history of Pomerania as a Prussian province (1630–1945), see Province of Pomerania.
The history of the region is rich and varied, probably due to its having been fragmented into several independent duchies through the centuries.
[edit] See also
[edit] Footnotes
[edit] Further reading[edit] Publications in English
[edit] Publications in Polish
[edit] Publications in German
[edit] External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
[edit] Internet directories
[edit] Culture and history
[edit] Maps of Pomerania
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