El directorio enciclopédico desde la Wikipedia.
The Order of Lenin (Russian: Орден Ленина, Orden Lenina), named after the leader of the Russian October Revolution, was the highest decoration bestowed by the Soviet Union. The order was awarded
Those who were awarded the titles "Hero of the Soviet Union" and "Hero of Socialist Labor" were also given the order as part of the award. It was also bestowed on cities, companies, factories, regions, military units and ships. The order was established by the Central Executive Committee on April 6, 1930. The first native recipient was the Soviet newspaper Komsomolskaya Pravda on May 23, 1930. The first five foreign recipients were a German and four American (one of the Americans was Frank Bruno Honey[1]—on May 17, 1932) specialists, who received this award for helping in the reconstruction of Soviet industry and agriculture in 1931–1934.[2]
[edit] Design of the decorationThe first design of the Order of Lenin was made of silver with some lightly gold-plated features. It was a round badge with a central disc featuring Vladimir Lenin's profile surrounded by smokestacks, a tractor and a building, possibly a power plant. A thin red-enamelled border and a circle of wheat panicles surrounded the disc. At the top was a gold-plated "hammer and sickle" emblem, and at the bottom were the Russian initials for "USSR" (СССР) in red enamel. Only about 800 of this design were minted.[3] The second, final design was awarded in 1934 and onwards. This was a solid-gold badge, featuring an enamelled disc bearing Lenin's portrait . The disc is surrounded by two golden panicles of wheat, and a red flag with "LENIN" in Cyrillic script (ЛЕНИН). A red star is placed on the left and the "hammer and sickle" emblem at the bottom, both in red enamel. The badge was originally worn by screwback on the left chest without ribbon. Later it was worn as a medal suspended from a red ribbon with pairs of yellow stripes at the edges (see image above). The ribbon bar is of the same design. The portait of Lenin was originally a riveted silver piece. For a time it was incorporated into a one-piece gold badge, but finally returned as a separate platinum piece until the dissolution of the USSR in 1991. [edit] Recipients
[edit] References in popular cultureIn the 1990 film The Hunt for Red October, the doctor on the Red October tells the captain of the ship, Marko Ramius (Sean Connery) that his plan to scuttle the ship (and die with the other officers on board) rather than allow the Americans to capture it and the secret technology on board, whilst saving the non-commissioned crewmembers, would surely earn him the order. In the video game Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater, the Soviet scientist Aleksandr Leonovitch Granin shows off his various awards including the Order of Lenin and boasts about being given the title of 'Hero of Socialism' for his development of the mobile ballistic missile system known as SS-1C (better known as Scud). James Bond receives the order in the 1985 film A View to a Kill. It is awarded by General Anatol Gogol, for saving the American microchip industry (and thus, by implication of heavy espionage, the Soviet microchip industry), which was going to be destroyed by the main villain Max Zorin. In the movie, Bond is said to be the first non-Soviet citizen to receive the award, though this is not historically accurate. Various other villains and characters in the James Bond movie series have worn the order on their uniforms, usually in the form of a ribbon bar. In the 2008 film Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, Colonel Doctor Irina Spalko mentions that she has received three Orders of Lenin for 'knowing things before everyone else'. [edit] See also[edit] References
Directorio de Enlaces Directorio dmoz Directorio espejo dmoz Pedro Bernardo |
