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The Office of the Chief Herald of Ireland, sometimes incorrectly called the Office of Arms, is the Republic of Ireland's authority on all heraldic matters relating to Ireland and is located at the National Library of Ireland. The office was constituted on 1 April 1943, taking over the records of the Ulster King of Arms, a crown office dating from 1552.
[edit] JurisdictionThe Office accepts petitions for grants of arms from the following:[1]
At the request of the Irish Government a Grant of Arms was made to U.S. Presidents John F. Kennedy in 1963 and Bill Clinton in 1995.[2] 
[edit] Titles of NobilityIt must be noted that Article 40.2.1 of the Constitution of Ireland prohibits the conferral or of a new title of nobility by the State, and Article 40.2.2 prohibits acceptance by any citizen of any title of nobility or of honour.[3] The Constitution does not prohibit the grantings of honours, other than nobility, by the State. The Government acknowledges titles of nobility that have in the past derived from the British Crown as the fount of honor then exercising sovereignty over Ireland, and in fact such titles continue to be mentioned in confirmations of arms by the Chief Herald of Ireland. [edit] Chiefs of the nameAfter the Battle of Kinsale in 1601 and the subsequent Flight of the Earls, the old Gaelic aristocracy scattered throughout Catholic Europe. Some of their descendants were granted courtesy recognition in 1943 by the Chief Herald as Chiefs of the Name, signifying that they are the senior descendant from the last recognized chief of the name. The English system of recognizing the senior male descendant as heir replaced the Irish system of tanistry, in which common descendents within three generations from the last chief voted a successor chief, subject to additional rules, customs and practices. Following official blundering that allowed a certain 'Mac Carthy Mór' and several other impostors to receive recognition in the 1990s the practice of courtesy recognition was abandoned in July 2003. The tradition of the Irish abroad seeking grants of arms from the Chief Herald continues to the present. Responding to this demand is an expression of the nation's "special affinity with those of Irish ancestry living abroad who share its cultural identity and heritage". (Article 2, Constitution of Ireland) [edit] Questions over legal status of the officeDue reportedly to uncertainty concerning the legal validity of grants of arms in the Republic of Ireland, the post of Chief Herald remained vacant from September 2003 until August 2005. It had been assumed that the prerogatives of the British Crown, including the power to grant arms, had been inherited after Irish independence in 1922, but a series of legal judgments have undermined this view, and doubts over the status of the Office of the Chief Herald are not entirely resolved. In May 2005 the government enacted section 13 of the National Cultural Institutions Act 1997. This enabled the Board of the National Library to "designate a member of its staff to perform the duty of researching, granting and confirming coats of arms and such member shall use the appellation Chief Herald of Ireland or, in the Irish language, Príomh-Aralt na hÉireann, while performing such duties".[4] While this was intended to legitimise the granting of arms in Ireland, it actually initiated a debate as to whether any grants made since 1943 were valid.[5] In May 2006 the Genealogy & Heraldry Bill[6] was introduced into Seanad Éireann to reform the Office and provide a firm legal basis for grants and confirmations of arms. The Bill was withdrawn on December 12, 2006 with consent of the sponsoring senator, and was referred to the board of the National Library for consideration by John O'Donoghue, the then Minister for Arts, Sport and Tourism[7] In September 2007 a notice was added to the National Library website noting the suspension of grants of arms until the legal situation was clarified. Following the receipt of legal advice, the Board of the National Library was "satisfied that it can exercise the heraldic powers conferred on it by the 1997 Act", and grants are again being made. The Board did however note that the "that doubts exist regarding the legal basis of heraldic functions exercised in the State prior to the establishment of the Board" and that "with minor amendment, the wording of the Act could be made more succinct".[8] [edit] Chief Heralds
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