OKB-1

S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia (Russian: Ракетно-космическая корпорация "Энергия" им. С.П.Королева Raketno-kosmicheskaya korporatsiya "Energiya" im. S.P.Koroleva), also known as RKK Energiya, is a Russian manufacturer of spacecraft and space station components. It was founded on 16 May 1946 and has been known successively as: Special Design Bureau number 1 of R&D Institute number 88 (Russian: ОКБ-1 НИИ-88 or OKB-1 of NII-88), TsKBEM, NPO Energia and S.P. Korolev RSC Energia. It is named after the first chief of its design bureau Sergei Korolev (1946-1966). His successors as chief designers were: Vasiliy Mishin (1966–1974), Valentin Glushko (1974–1989), Yuriy Semenov (1989–2005), Nikolay Sevastyanov (2005–2007). Its current President and Chief designer is Vitaliy Lopota.

[edit] Historic projects

Throughout the years its products have included:

• series of IRBMs and ICBMs, including meteorological rockets as their modifications: R-1, R-1A, R-1B, R-1V, R-1D, R-1E, R-5, R-5M, R-11, R-11A, R-11FM, R-7, R-9, and RT-2P;

• launch vehichles: "Sputnik", "Vostok", "Molniya", "Soyuz", N1 as a part of N1-L3 lunar complex, "Energia", "Yamal", "Kvant", "Kvant-1", "Avrora";

• upper stages for different kinds of launch vehicles: blocks L and DM;

• series of research, observation and communication Earth satellites: "Sputnik", "Elektron", "Zenit", "Molniya", "Signal", "Yamal", DZZ;

• series of deep space exploration spacecraft: "Luna", "Venera", "Mars", "Zond";

• unmanned cargo spacecraft: "Progress";

• manned spacecrafts: "Vostok", "Voskhod", "Soyuz", "Soyuz T", "Soyuz TM", "Buran".

• series of Earth space stations: "Salyut", "Mir", some modules of ISS;

• lunar space station: L3 with Lunar Landing Module (as a part of N1-L3 lunar complex).

[edit] Ongoing projects

• Energia builds Russia's Soyuz TMA spacecraft for 3-person human spaceflight missions and Progress M robotic spacecraft for cargo missions.

• Russian segment of ISS: providing its own cosmonauts for ISS expeditions; responsibility for all Russian scientific experiments.

• Sea Launch project participation - production of block DM-SL as the upper stage for Ukrainian launch vehicle Zenit-3SL.

• Universal Spacecraft Configuration - usage for development of: communications satellites, remote sensing satellites, navigation satellites and unmanned orbital servicing satellites. USC was a basis for "Yamal-100" and "Yamal-200" satellites.

[edit] Future projects

• Further assembly of ISS Russian segment: development of Multipurpose Laboratory Module (together with Krunichev Space Centre) and "Oka" space production modules (not permanently attached to ISS).

• Development of Kliper transportation system with 3 stages:
  1. Modernization of "Soyuz TMA" spacecraft for manned lunar missions.
  2. Development of "Parom" space tug (in order to replace "Progress M" cargo spacecraft).
  3. Development of "Kliper" spacecraft (for 6 persons each).

• Development of manned lunar program: landing by 2015, creating of permanent lunar base by 2020 in order to extract helium-3.

• Development of manned Mars mission: landing by 2025.

• Development of "Yamal-300" and "Yamal-400" communication satellites for Gazprom corporation.

• Development of "Smotr" remote sensing satellites.

[edit] See also

• RKK Energiya museum
• Sergey Afanasyev
• Aerospace manufacturer
• Kliper
• MirCorp
• Parom
• Nikolai Sevastianov
• Soyuz spacecraft

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• Official English web site: http://www.energia.ru/english/