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Mathias Rust (born 1968 in Wedel) is a German man known for his illegal landing near Red Square in Moscow in 1987. As an amateur aviator, he flew from Finland to Moscow, eluding the Soviet air defenses and landing on Vasilevski Spusk next to Red Square near the Kremlin in the capital of the USSR. Rust's flight had a great impact on the Soviet military and his successful flight through a supposedly impregnable air defense system led to the firing of many senior officers. The incident enabled Mikhail Gorbachev to speed his reforms and helped bring an end to the Cold War. [1]
[edit] Flight profileAfter leaving Uetersen on May 13 Rust refueled his rented Reims Cessna F172P D-ECJB in the morning of May 28, 1987 at Helsinki-Malmi Airport. He told air traffic control that he was going to Stockholm, but right after his final communication with traffic control he turned his plane to the east. Traffic controllers tried to contact him as he was moving around the busy Helsinki-Moscow route, but Rust turned off all communications equipment aboard.[1] Rust disappeared from the Finnish traffic control radar near Sipoo.[1] Traffic control presumed an emergency, and a rescue effort was organized, including Finnish Border Guard patrol boat. They found an oil patch near the place where Rust disappeared from radars and performed underwater search but with no results. Rust was later charged about $100,000 for this effort. The origin of the oil patch remains unknown. In the meantime, Rust crossed the Baltic coastline in Estonia and turned towards Moscow. At 14:29 he appeared on air defense radar and, after failure to answer to an IFF signal, was assigned combat number 8255. Three SAM divisions tracked him for some time, but failed to obtain permission to launch at him. All air defenses were brought to readiness and two interceptors were sent to investigate. At 14:48 near the city of Gdov one of the pilots observed a white sport plane "like Yak-12" and asked for permission to engage, but was denied.[1] Soon after, fighters lost contact with Rust, and while they were directed back to him, he disappeared from radars near Staraya Russa. German magazine Bunte speculated that he might have landed there for a time, citing that he changed his clothes somewhere during his flight, and that he took too much time to fly to Moscow considering his plane's speed and weather conditions. Air defense re-established contact with Rust's plane several times, but confusion followed all of these events. The PVO system had shortly before been divided into several districts, which simplified management but created additional overhead for tracking officers at the districts' borders. The local air regiment near Pskov was on maneuvers, and, due to inexperienced pilots' tendency to forget correct IFF designator settings, local control officers assigned all traffic in the area friendly status, including Rust.[1] 
Near Torzhok there was a similar situation, as increased air traffic was created by a rescue effort for an air crash which happened the previous day. Rust, flying a slow propeller-driven aircraft, was confused with one of the helicopters taking part in the rescue. Afterwards, he was spotted several more times, but given false friendly recognition twice; he was considered as a domestic training plane defying the regulations, and was issued least priority.[1] Several interesting events coincided with the final stretch of his route. The control system of the Central Air Defence District was unexpectedly turned down for unscheduled maintenance, and all flights around Sheremetyevo airport were forbidden for about twenty minutes — just for the time Rust was above it. The origins of these events are still unknown. Around 7:00 p.m. Rust appeared above the Moscow center. He had initially intended to land in the Kremlin, but due to lack of proper landing space reverted to Red Square. Heavy pedestrian traffic didn't allow him to land there either, so after circling about the square one more time, he finally was able to land on a bridge by St. Basil's Cathedral. After taxiing past the Cathedral he finally stopped about 100 meters from the square, where he was greeted by curious passersby. He was arrested soon afterwards.[1] [edit] AftermathRust's trial started in Moscow on September 2, 1987. He was sentenced to four years following light regime terms for hooliganism, disregard of aviation laws and breaching of the Soviet border. After serving 432 days at the Lefortovo jail in Moscow, he was released on parole.[1] He returned to West Germany on August 3, 1988 after former long-time foreign minister Andrei Gromyko, acting as president of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, signed the document that enabled Rust to regain his freedom. William E. Odom, former director of the National Security Agency and author of The Collapse of the Soviet Military, says that Rust’s flight irreparably damaged the reputation of the Soviet military. This enabled Gorbachev to remove many of the strongest opponents to his reforms. The Soviet defense minister and the Soviet air defense chief were fired along with hundreds of other officers including war heroes. This was the biggest turnover in the Soviet military since Stalin’s purges fifty years earlier.[1] [edit] Later turbulent life
[edit] Influence on popular cultureBecause Rust's flight seemed to be a blow to the authority of the Soviet regime, it was the source of numerous jokes and urban legends. Very soon after the incident, SubLogic, the original publishers of the Flight Simulator franchise, issued a scenery disk that expanded the original program's coverage area to include Eastern Europe. A challenge in the program was to land in Red Square like Rust had just done.[4] The American band Wampeters included a song on their Hey Judas CD called that celebrates Mathias as a "hero or a scourge."[5] The couplet The rumour had it (Estonian: Kui liikusid jutud) by Estonian band Talong includes the verses Once landed a bastard from Devil-knows-where // in Kremlin's rayone straight out of the blue. // Press of the world was filled with lust // when marshalls lost face o'er Mathias Rust. The Norwegian pop/folk band D.D.E. wrote a song about hope, called "Det umulige e mulig" ("The impossible is possible") with numerous references to Rust's famous flight - "a small plane landed on the Red Square".[6] Estonian President Lennart Meri named his dog after Rust.[7] [edit] Media about Mathias RustFollowing the 20th anniversary of his flight on May 28, 2007, the international media interviewed Rust about the flight and its aftermath. The Washington Post and German Bild both have online editions of their interviews. The most comprehensive video interview online is produced by The Danish Broadcasting Corporation. In their interview Rust in Red Square, recorded in May 2007, Mathias Rust gives a full recount of the flight in English. [edit] References
[edit] External links
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