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This is a list of all National Historic Landmarks and certain other historic sites designated by the U.S. government in New York State. The United States National Historic Landmark (NHL) program operates under the auspices of the National Park Service, and recognizes buildings, structures, objects, sites and districts of resources according to a list of criteria of national significance.[1] There are 256 NHLs in New York state, which is more than 10 percent of all the NHLs nationwide, and the most of any state.[2] The National Park Service also has listed 20 National Monuments, National Historic Sites, National Memorials, and other sites as being historic landmarks of national importance,[3] of which 7 are also designated NHLs. All of these historic landmarks are covered in this list.
There are 135 NHLs in upstate New York, 13 on Long Island, and 108 within New York City (NYC). Three counties have ten or more NHLs: New York County (Manhattan) has 85; Westchester County, just north of NYC, has 17; and Erie County in western New York has 10. Eleven other counties have five to nine NHLs, nine have three or four, 27 counties have one or two, and the remaining twelve of the state's 62 counties have none. The first New York NHLs were eight designated on October 9, 1960; the latest was designated on September 20, 2006. The NHLs and other landmarks outside of NYC are listed below; the NHLs in NYC are in this companion article.
Seven NHL sites are among the 20 National Park System historic areas in New York state.[4] The other 13 National Park Service areas are also historic landmark sites of national importance, but are already protected by Federal ownership and administration, so NHL designation is unnecessary. A list of these National Park Service areas that conserve historic sites in New York State is also provided. Finally, three former NHLs in the state are also listed.
[edit] Overview
New York State NHLs include nine prehistoric or other archeological sites,[nb 1] 12 historical Dutch farmhouses, manors, and historic districts,[nb 2] and 20 architecturally and/or historically important churches or houses of worship.[nb 3] Fully 26 NHLs are primarily military, including 13 fort sites (five standing forts, three fortified houses, and five ruins),[nb 4] five other battlegrounds,[nb 5] seven military headquarters, training facilities, arsenals and armories,[nb 6] and one military shipwreck site.[nb 7] One of these NHLs is associated with the American Civil War,[nb 8] while all the rest of these forts and other military places are associated with the French and Indian War and/or the American Revolutionary War.
There are 10 NHL ships, including a warship and a tugboat that served in World War II, one warship that saw combat in the Vietnam War, three sailing boats, two fireboats and two lightships.[nb 9] Salient in the list are 24 mansions,[nb 10] and four sites primarily significant for their architectural landscaping.[nb 11] Many properties, numbering in the thousands, are contributing or non-contributing structures in the state's nine National Historic Landmark Districts.[nb 12] Intellectual accomplishments of New Yorkers are associated with 22 sites, including nine university buildings,[nb 13] ten other NHLs associated with inventions, inventors or scientists,[nb 14] and four engineering landmarks, including two bridges that were once the longest of their types.[nb 15] Commercial accomplishments include 11 historic skyscrapers, five of which were once the tallest in the world,[nb 16] seven stock exchanges and other buildings important in commercial history,[nb 17] two bank buildings,[nb 18] five industrial facilities,[nb 19] and three water-based civil engineering works.[nb 20] Two are architectural oddities.[nb 21]
Political and social accomplishments are represented by four former mental care institutions (a legacy of the state's leading role in mental health care),[nb 22] 14 sites associated with suffragettes or other women leaders,[nb 23] five Underground Railroad or other sites associated with abolitionists,[nb 24], six sites associated with African-American leaders,[nb 25] three sites associated with labor rights,[nb 26] and four sites associated with other social activism.[nb 27] In addition, there are 21 homes of other national leaders,[nb 28] and six government buildings that are significant on a national scale.[nb 29] Community, arts and entertainment accomplishments represented include two utopian communes,[nb 30] the Adirondack Park and four of its Great Camps,[nb 31] and five other retreat sites.[nb 32] No fewer than nine artist homes or studios are landmarked,[nb 33] as well as nine homes of writers and composers.[nb 34] There are four club buildings, of which two are historical societies,[nb 35] and eight entertainment venues or sites associated with entertainers.[nb 36] Sixteen others are unique sites that are difficult to classify.[nb 37]
Notable architects whose work is represented in the NHLs of the state include: Alexander Jackson Davis (7 sites),[nb 38] Andrew Jackson Downing (2),[nb 39] William West Durant (2),[nb 40] Leopold Eidlitz (2),[nb 41] Cass Gilbert (2),[nb 42] Henry J. Hardenbergh (2),[nb 43] Raymond Hood (3),[nb 44] Philip Hooker (2),[nb 45] Minard Lafever (6),[nb 46] John McComb Jr. (3),[nb 47] Frederick Law Olmsted (3),[nb 48] Isaac G. Perry (2),[nb 49] George B. Post (3),[nb 50] James Renwick, Jr. (4),[nb 51] Henry Hobson Richardson (2),[nb 52] Louis Sullivan (2),[nb 53] Richard Upjohn (6),[nb 54] Calvert Vaux (6),[nb 55] and Frederick Clarke Withers (2).[nb 56] The firm McKim, Mead, and White participated in design of at least six buildings later declared to be NHLs.[nb 57] It was also that firm's work, Pennsylvania Station, whose pending demolition in 1963 launched an historic preservation movement in New York City and led to creation of the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in 1965.[5]
[edit] Current National Historic Landmarks outside New York City
The state of New York, exclusive of NYC, is home to 148 of these landmarks, which are tabulated here. Of these, the first seven were designated on October 9, 1960; the latest two were designated on February 17, 2006. For consistency, the sites are named here as designated under the National Historic Landmark program. Twenty-three of these are also State Historic Sites (SHS), and fourteen are National Park System areas; these designations are indicated in italics.
| [nb 58] |
Landmark name
[2] |
Image |
Date of designation[2] |
Location[2] |
County[2] |
Description[6] |
| 1 |
Adams Power Plant Transformer House |
 |
01983-05-04 May 4, 1983 |
Niagara Falls 43°04′54″N 79°02′34″W / 43.081764, -79.042836 (Adams Power Plant Transformer House) |
Niagara |
Transformer house of the first large-scale, alternating current electric generating plant in the world; tapped power of Niagara Falls via a 7,500 foot (2,286 meter) tail-race tunnel |
| 2 |
Adirondack Park |
 |
01963-05-23 May 23, 1963 |
|
All of Essex and Hamilton and parts of Clinton, Franklin, Fulton, Herkimer, Lewis, Oneida, St. Lawrence, Saratoga, Warren, and Washington |
Largest publicly protected area in the lower 48 United States; largest National Historic Landmark; largest and one of earliest areas protected by any state; established in 1885; later protected in "forever wild" section of New York state constitution |
| 3 |
Susan B. Anthony House |
 |
01965-05-23 May 23, 1965 |
Rochester 43°09′12″N 77°37′33″W / 43.153336, -77.625747 (Susan B. Anthony House) |
Monroe |
Home of Susan B. Anthony, prominent 19th century women's rights activist |
| 4 |
Armour-Stiner House |
 |
01976-12-08 December 8, 1976 |
Irvington 41°01′51″N 73°52′13″W / 41.030803, -73.870415 (Armour-Stiner House) |
Westchester |
Octagonal implementation of architectural ideas of Orson Squire Fowler |
| 5 |
Bennington Battlefield
Bennington Battlefield SHS |
 |
01961-01-20 January 20, 1961 |
Walloomsac 42°56′19″N 73°18′16″W / 42.938658, -73.304418 (Bennington Battlefield) |
Rensselaer |
Site of Battle of Bennington, where defeat of a British foraging party of dragoons helped assure the Continental Army's pivotal victory at Saratoga |
| 6 |
Boston Post Road Historic District |
 |
01993-08-30 August 30, 1993 |
Rye 40°57′31″N 73°42′07″W / 40.958487, -73.701922 (Boston Post Road Historic District) |
Westchester |
Three mansions and grounds, a cemetery, and a nature preserve running from Boston Post Road down to the Long Island Sound, an area essentially unchanged for 200 years |
| 7 |
Boughton Hill (Gannagaro)
Ganondagan SHS |
 |
01964-07-19 July 19, 1964 |
Victor 42°57′40″N 77°24′46″W / 42.961157, -77.412736 (Boughton Hill (Gannagaro)) |
Ontario |
The site of a 17th century Seneca village known as the Town of Peace and birthplace of the Iroquois Confederacy |
| 8 |
Bronck House |
 |
01967-12-24 December 24, 1967 |
Coxsackie 42°20′31″N 73°50′55″W / 42.342052, -73.848724 (Bronck House) |
Greene |
Oldest structure in upstate New York; excellent example of Dutch colonial architecture |
| 9 |
Dr. Oliver Bronson House and Estate |
|
02003-07-31 July 31, 2003 |
Hudson 42°14′35″N 73°47′09″W / 42.243119, -73.785764 (Dr. Oliver Bronson House and Estate) |
Columbia |
Early example of the Hudson River bracketed style of Alexander Jackson Davis |
| 10 |
John Brown Farm and Gravesite
John Brown Farm SHS |
 |
01998-08-06 August 6, 1998 |
Lake Placid 44°15′20″N 73°58′15″W / 44.255574, -73.970969 (John Brown Farm and Gravesite) |
Essex |
Home and final resting place of famous abolitionist John Brown, executed for his raid on Harper's Ferry Armory before the Civil War |
| 11 |
Buffalo and Erie County Historical Society Building |
  |
01987-02-27 February 27, 1987 |
Buffalo 42°56′08″N 78°52′36″W / 42.935556, -78.876667 (Buffalo and Erie County Historical Society Building) |
Erie |
Parthenon-evoking legacy of the 1901 Pan American Exposition; turned over to historical society afterwards |
| 12 |
Buffalo State Hospital |
 |
01986-06-24 June 24, 1986 |
Buffalo 42°55′46″N 78°52′56″W / 42.929382, -78.882147 (Buffalo State Hospital) |
Erie |
Architect H. H. Richardson's largest commission; advent of his characteristic Richardsonian Romanesque style; used to care for the mentally ill; grounds designed by Frederick Law Olmsted |
| 13 |
John Burroughs' Riverby Study |
|
01968-11-24 November 24, 1968 |
West Park 41°48′00″N 73°57′32″W / 41.8, -73.958889 (John Burroughs' Riverby Study) |
Ulster |
Small frame structure built in 1881 by naturalist John Burroughs as a writing retreat; in this study, that looks east over the Hudson River, Burroughs wrote Fresh Fields (1884), Signs and Seasons (1886), Indoor Studies (1889), and Riverby (1894)[7] |
| 14 |
Camp Pine Knot |
 |
02004-08-18 August 18, 2004 |
Raquette Lake 43°49′17″N 74°37′34″W / 43.821325, -74.626197 (Camp Pine Knot) |
Hamilton |
First of the Adirondack Great Camps; designed and built by William West Durant |
| 15 |
Canfield Casino and Congress Park |
 |
01987-02-27 February 27, 1987 |
Saratoga Springs 43°04′45″N 73°46′58″W / 43.079076, -73.782855 (Canfield Casino and Congress Park) |
Saratoga |
Former resort and casino; now houses the Saratoga Springs History Museum |
| 16 |
Chautauqua Historic District |
 |
01989-06-29 June 29, 1989 |
Chautauqua 42°12′35″N 79°28′01″W / 42.209722, -79.466944 (Chautauqua Historic District) |
Chautauqua |
Adult education and summer retreat; focuses on programs related to arts, education, religion and recreation; well-preserved 19th century architecture |
| 17 |
Christeen (sloop) |
 |
01992-12-04 December 4, 1992 |
Oyster Bay 40°52′40″N 73°32′23″W / 40.87774, -73.539702 (Christeen (sloop)) |
Nassau |
Oldest oyster sloop in the U.S. |
| 18 |
Frederick E. Church House
Olana SHS |
 |
01965-06-22 June 22, 1965 |
Hudson 42°13′03″N 73°49′07″W / 42.2175, -73.818611 (Frederick E. Church House) |
Columbia |
Calvert Vaux-designed home of Hudson River School painter Frederick Church; also known as Olana |
| 19 |
Clermont
Clermont SHS |
 |
01972-11-28 November 28, 1972 |
Clermont 42°05′09″N 73°55′09″W / 42.085922, -73.919073 (Clermont State Historic Site) |
Columbia |
Ancestral home of the Livingston family, prominent in colonial and early New York; known also as Clermont Manor |
| 20 |
Cobblestone Historic District |
 |
01993-04-19 April 19, 1993 |
Gaines 43°17′16″N 78°10′54″W / 43.287827, -78.181543 (Cobblestone Historic District) |
Orleans |
Three buildings: a First Universalist Church, the Ward House, and a District 5 Schoolhouse; distinctive for having been built from round rocks, known as cobblestones |
| 21 |
Thomas Cole House
Thomas Cole National Historic Site |
 |
01965-06-23 June 23, 1965 |
Catskill 42°13′35″N 73°51′43″W / 42.226372, -73.862007 (Thomas Cole House Site) |
Greene |
Home and studio of painter Thomas Cole, founder of the Hudson River School of American painting |
| 22 |
Roscoe Conkling House |
 |
01975-05-15 May 15, 1975 |
Utica 43°05′46″N 75°13′47″W / 43.096108, -75.229728 (Roscoe Conkling House) |
Oneida |
Home of Roscoe Conkling, divisive U.S. senator in years after Civil War; leader of Stalwart faction of Republican Party; contributor to atmosphere that led to the assassination of James Garfield |
| 23 |
Croton Aqueduct (Old)
Old Croton Aqueduct SHS |
 |
01992-04-27 April 27, 1992 |
Croton River to Manhattan |
Westchester |
Large and complex water supply system for New York City; constructed between 1837 and 1842 |
| 24 |
Delaware and Hudson Canal |
 |
01968-11-24 November 24, 1968 |
Kingston, NY, Rosendale, NY, Ellenville, NY, Port Jervis, NY, Lackawaxen, PA and Honesdale, PA |
Orange, NY, Sullivan, NY, Ulster, NY, Pike, PA and Wayne, PA |
Vital coal supply line for New York City in 19th century; shared with Pennsylvania |
| 25 |
De Wint House |
 |
01968-05-23 May 23, 1968 |
Tappan 41°01′11″N 73°56′48″W / 41.019722, -73.946667 (De Wint House) |
Rockland |
Oldest building in Rockland County; outstanding example of Dutch colonial architecture; used by George Washington as headquarters during final negotiations for British withdrawal from New York City |
| 26 |
John William Draper House |
 |
01975-05-15 May 15, 1975 |
Hastings-on-Hudson 40°59′24″N 73°52′48″W / 40.9901, -73.8801 (John William Draper House) |
Westchester |
Home and observatory of John William Draper, astrophotography pioneer and first person to have photographed the Moon with recognizable surface features |
| 27 |
Dutch Reformed Church |
 |
02001-08-07 August 7, 2001 |
Newburgh 41°30′16″N 74°00′32″W / 41.504453, -74.008983 (Dutch Reformed Church) |
Orange |
Church designed by Alexander Jackson Davis in 1835 in the Greek Revival style |
| 28 |
Dutch Reformed Church (Sleepy Hollow) |
 |
01961-11-05 November 5, 1961 |
Sleepy Hollow 41°05′25″N 73°51′43″W / 41.090408, -73.861918 (Dutch Reformed Church (Sleepy Hollow)) |
Westchester |
Well-preserved Dutch Colonial church |
| 29 |
Eagle Island Camp |
 |
02004-08-18 August 18, 2004 |
Saranac Inn 44°16′28″N 74°19′57″W / 44.2744, -74.3325 (Eagle Island Camp) |
Franklin |
One of the original Adirondack Great Camps, on Upper Saranac Lake; used as a Girl Scout camp today |
| 30 |
George Eastman House |
 |
01966-11-13 November 13, 1966 |
Rochester 43°09′08″N 77°34′49″W / 43.152147, -77.580278 (George Eastman House) |
Monroe |
The home of George Eastman, founder of Kodak, now an internationally known photography museum |
| 31 |
Edward M. Cotter (fireboat) |
 |
01996-06-28 June 28, 1996 |
Buffalo 42°52′20″N 78°52′22″W / 42.872143, -78.872824 (Edward M. Cotter (fireboat)) |
Erie |
In use for 107 years; oldest active fireboat in the world |
| 32 |
Elephant Hotel |
 |
02005-04-05 April 5, 2005 |
Somers 41°19′37″N 73°41′13″W / 41.326944, -73.686944 (Elephant Hotel) |
Westchester |
"Cradle of the American circus" when it was used as headquarters by Hachaliah Bailey in the 1830s; today serves as both a museum and Somers Town Hall |
| 33 |
Erie Canal National Historic Landmark
Schoharie Crossing SHS |
 |
01960-10-09 October 9, 1960 |
Glen and Florida |
Montgomery |
Aqueduct for Erie Canal over Schoharie Creek |
| 34 |
Millard Fillmore House |
 |
01974-05-30 May 30, 1974 |
East Aurora 42°46′06″N 78°37′21″W / 42.768297, -78.622506 (Millard Fillmore House) |
Erie |
Only surviving home of 16th U.S. President Millard Fillmore, besides the White House |
| 35 |
First Presbyterian Church |
 |
01994-04-19 April 19, 1994 |
Sag Harbor 40°59′50″N 72°17′39″W / 40.997228, -72.294072 (First Presbyterian Church) |
Suffolk |
Egyptian Revival style church |
| 36 |
Gen. William Floyd House |
 |
01971-07-17 July 17, 1971 |
Westernville 43°18′22″N 75°23′02″W / 43.306103, -75.383897 (Gen. William Floyd House) |
Oneida |
Upstate home of William Floyd, a signer of the Declaration of Independence |
| 37 |
Fort Corchaug Archeological Site |
 |
01999-01-20 January 20, 1999 |
Southold |
Suffolk |
Site of a Native American fort |
| 38 |
Fort Crailo
Crailo SHS |
 |
01961-11-11 November 11, 1961 |
Rensselaer 42°38′08″N 73°44′59″W / 42.635478, -73.749625 (Fort Crailo) |
Rensselaer |
Dutch colonial patroonship house; may be place where "Yankee Doodle" was written |
| 39 |
Fort Crown Point
Crown Point SHS |
 |
01968-11-24 November 24, 1968 |
Crown Point 44°01′45″N 73°25′52″W / 44.029167, -73.431111 (Fort Crown Point) |
Essex |
Built by British to secure Lake Champlain against French in mid-18th century |
| 40 |
Fort Johnson |
 |
01972-11-28 November 28, 1972 |
Fort Johnson 42°57′26″N 74°14′30″W / 42.957222, -74.241667 (Fort Johnson) |
Montgomery |
Home of Sir William Johnson, and later his son Sir John Johnson. |
| 41 |
Fort Klock |
 |
01972-11-28 November 28, 1972 |
St. Johnsville 42°59′06″N 74°39′01″W / 42.984997, -74.650278 (Fort Klock) |
Montgomery |
Mid-18th century fortified stone homestead in the Mohawk River Valley |
| 42 |
Fort Massapeag Archeological Site |
|
01993-04-19 April 19, 1993 |
Oyster Bay |
Nassau |
Archaeological site in Oyster Bay, New York |
| 43 |
Fort Montgomery
Fort Montgomery SHS |
 |
01972-11-28 November 28, 1972 |
Highlands 41°19′26″N 73°59′13″W / 41.323889, -73.986944 (Fort Montgomery) |
Orange |
Built by Continental Army in an attempt to control Hudson River; later taken and destroyed by British |
| 44 |
Fort Niagara
Old Fort Niagara SHS |
  |
01960-10-09 October 9, 1960 |
Youngstown 43°15′42″N 79°03′49″W / 43.261667, -79.063611 (Fort Niagara) |
Niagara |
Originally built by British during French and Indian War; served as US post in War of 1812 until retaken by British; ceded back at war's end |
| 45 |
Fort Orange Archeological Site |
|
01993-11-04 November 4, 1993 |
Albany 42°38′41″N 73°45′01″W / 42.64485, -73.750292 (Fort Orange) |
Albany |
Archaeological site at first permanent Dutch settlement in New Netherland |
| 46 |
Fort St. Frédéric
Crown Point SHS |
 |
01960-10-09 October 9, 1960 |
Crown Point <span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for Expression error: Unexpected < operator°Expression error: Unexpected < operator′Expression error: Unexpected < operator″Expression error: Unexpected >= operator Expression error: Unexpected < operator°Expression error: Unexpected < operator′Expression error: Unexpected < operator″Expression error: Unexpected >= operator">Expression error: Unexpected < operator°Expression error: Unexpected < operator′Expression error: Unexpected < operator″Expression error: Unexpected >= operator Expression error: Unexpected < operator°Expression error: Unexpected < operator′Expression error: Unexpected < operator″Expression error: Unexpected >= operator / , (Fort St. Frédéric) |
Essex |
Mostly destroyed by French forces in French and Indian War; British used site for Fort Crown Point |
| 47 |
Fort Stanwix
Fort Stanwix National Monument |
 |
01962-11-23 November 23, 1962 |
Rome 43°13′07″N 75°27′32″W / 43.218611, -75.458889 (Fort Stanwix) |
Oneida |
Modern reconstruction of colonial fort on original site |
| 48 |
Fort Ticonderoga |
 |
01960-10-09 October 9, 1960 |
Ticonderoga | |
