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John White (c. 1540 – c. 1593), was an English artist, and one of several early "Virginian" settlers who sailed with Richard Grenville in 1558 to the modern day coast of North Carolina. During this journey he made numerous famous drawings with watercolour of the landscape and native peoples. These works are significant as they are the most informative illustrations of a Native American society of the Eastern seaboard, and predate the first body of "discovery voyage art" created in the late eighteenth century by the artists who sailed with Captain James Cook. They were later engraved by Theodore de Bry and became widely known; all the surviving original paintings are now in the print room of the British Museum. He returned to the place the English called Virginia with Sir Francis Drake in 1586. White, described as a "Gentleman of London," later became governor of the newly-established Roanoke Colony. In 1587 he led a band of settlers sent out by Sir Walter Raleigh under the authority of the Virginia Company; he subsequently returned to England, and when he got back to Roanoke in 1590 found the colony empty. He spent the rest of his life in England and Ireland. Apart from his efforts to settle the eastern mid-Atlantic coast of North America, very little is known of the life of John White. There is a record in February 22, 1539 of a christening in the Church of St Augustine, London of a "John White" on that same day; but there is no proof this is the same person. White was sent by Sir Walter Raleigh as Sir Richard Grenville's artist-illustrator on his first voyage to the New World (1585-6); where he had trained, or what he had done before this is not known.
[edit] Governor and later lifeWhite and the colonists of the failed Roanoke Colony were some of the earliest to attempt a permanent English colony in America. White, as Governor, with thirteen others, were incorporated under the name of “The Governor and Assistants of the Cities of Raleigh of Virginia”.[1] He was the father of Eleanor Dare (née White), by whom the first English baby was born in the New World, White's granddaughter Virginia Dare. However, when the colony ran low on supplies the colonists requested that White return to England for provisions. His return to Roanoke was delayed by England's conflict with Spain and the Spanish Armada, and when he at last returned to Roanoke in August 1590 he found it deserted. Forced by bad weather to abandon the search of adjacent islands for the colonists, he returned to Plymouth, England on October 24 of that year. An Indian he brought back from Virginia, was left in Bideford. Little is known of White's life after the failure of the Roanoke Colony. He lived in Plymouth, [2][3] and also owned a house at Newtown, Kylmore (Kilmore, County Cork), Ireland. He appears to have been in Ireland living on the estates of Sir Walter Raleigh, making maps of land for Raleigh's tenants. The last surviving document related to White is a letter he wrote from Ireland in 1593 to the publisher of the prints of his Roanoke drawings. However, a record from May 1606 that a Bridget White was appointed estate administrator for her brother "John White" may refer to him. [edit] Descendants
A Bridgett White was also the second wife of a Robert Wight (1578–1617) of Hareby, Lincolnshire, England whom he married on November 25, 1613 at Alford. As this Robert was also the son of an obscure John Wight (b. abt. 1552) and the father of an Elizabeth Wighte (1606–1671) who is sometimes thought to have been the ex-wife of Nathaniel Eaton (1610–1674), the first schoolmaster of Harvard College, Massachusetts; there is a possibility that Bridget White, the sister of John White the Governor of Roanoke Colony, and Bridgett White, the second wife of the same above-mentioned Robert Wight, are directly related to each other. There is also a record of an Elizabeth Aguirre of Petersfield, Hampshire (died 1665), who was the second wife of a certain Josias White (1573–1622) of Hornchurch, Essex, son of a John White of Stanton St John, Oxfordshire (1540 – before September 30, 1618), who afterwards married a Francis Drake (1573–1634) of Walton-on-Thames, Surrey – the nephew of Sir Francis Drake (1540–1596) the famous explorer.[4] This Josias White was the grandson of another John White (died 1580) possibly connected to Dr Thomas White (1514–1588), Warden of New College, Oxford. As the name Barlow is associated with the initial discovery and mapping of the Virginia coast by Capt Arthur Barlowe (1550–1620) in 1584, and it was on Barlow's ship John White first sailed in on as the official illustrator of the New World, it is conceivable that Ann Barlow is directly connected to the first Governor of Roanoke, Virginia. [edit] Endnotes
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