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There are many Holy sites in various Islāmic traditions. For all muslims, the Ka'bah is considered the Holiest shrine, followed by Masjidun Nabawi (The Prophet's Mosque) and Masjidul Aqsā (The Farthest Mosque) as the second and third Holiest respectively. Other holy places, dependant on the denomination of Islām, include the tombs of Shiite Imāms, and shrines revered by locals.
[edit] Al-Masjid al-Haram, Mecca
Al-Masjid al-Harām (المسجد الحرام IPA: [ælˈmæs.ʤi.dæl.ħɑˈrɑm] "The Sacred Mosque"), is a large mosque in the city of Mecca, and the largest in Islam. It surrounds the Kaaba, the place which all Muslims turn towards each day in prayer, considered by Muslims to be the holiest place on Earth. The mosque is also commonly known as the Haram or Haram Sharif[citation needed]. The current structure covers an area of 356,800 square meters including the outdoor and indoor praying spaces and can accommodate up to 820,000 worshippers during the Hajj period. During the Hajj period, the mosque is unable to contain the multitude of pilgrims, who pray on the outlining streets. More than 2 million worshippers gather to pray during taraweeh and Eid prayers. [2] [3] According to the teachings of Islam, God in the Qur'an used the word Mosque when referring to the sites established by Abraham and his progeny as houses of worship to God centuries before the revelation of the Qur'an. The first of these spots is Masjid al-Haram in Mecca and the second is Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem. Before Mecca and Jerusalem came under Muslim control between 630 CE and 638 CE, the site of the Kaaba, which was supposedly established by Abraham and Ishmael, was used by non-Muslim Arabs who worshipped multiple gods.
[edit] Masjid-an-Nabawi, Medina
Al-Masjid al-Nabawi (Arabic: المسجد النبوي IPA: [ælˈmæs.ʤi.dæˈnːæ.bæ.wiː]) or the Mosque of the Prophet, located in Medina, is the second holiest site in Islam. The edifice was originally Muhammad's house; he settled there after his Hijrah (emigration) to Medina, and later built a mosque on the grounds. He himself shared in the heavy work of construction. The original mosque was an open-air building, with no gender separation. The mosque also served as a community center, a court, and a religious school. There was a raised platform for the people who taught the Qur'an. The basic plan of the building has been adopted in the building of other mosques throughout the world. The original mosque was built by the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Subsequent Islamic rulers greatly expanded and decorated the mosque. The most important feature of the site is the green dome over the center of the mosque, where the tomb of Muhammad is located. Constructed in 1817C.E. and painted green in 1839C.E., it is known as the Dome of the Prophet.[1] Early Muslim leaders Abu Bakr and Umar ibn al-Khattab are buried beside Muhammad. [edit] Masjid Al-Aqsa, (Status pending)
Al-Aqsa Mosque (English: The Farthest mosque) is the general and oldest name for the compound of Islamic religious buildings in Jerusalem that includes al-Aqsa congregation mosque and the Dome of the Rock. It is almost universally considered the third holiest site in Islam. The term Al-Aqsa Mosque was coined in the Quran:
Although there were no mosques in Jerusalem at the time the Qur'an was received, soon after Palestine was conquered by the Arabs under Umar a temporary mosque was built on the Temple Mount area. The current Dome of the Rock and Al-Aqsa mosque were first built by the famous caliph Abd al-Malik during the later Umayyad period.[5] This same area was called at later Islamic periods as the Noble Sanctuary.[6][7][8] It is believed by many to be the area from where Muhammad is said to have ascended to heaven,[9] although other theories claim it had been from a mosque in Medina, Jir'ana or Kufa.[10][11][12] Al-Aqsa's importance in Islam stems from a long history that extends far before the birth of Muhammad. Although most political references to the Al Aqsa Mosque date from the 12th century or later due to its occupation by the Crusades, others claim that the Mosque's position in Islam is firmly grounded in a number of hadith dating from the birth of Islam.[13] In terms of the virtue of a religious site, and the value of prayers performed within it, Muslims believe that the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem is the third most virtuous mosque based on the Hadith narrated by the companion Abu al-Dardaa: "the Prophet of Allah Muhammad said a prayer in the Sacred Mosque (in Mecca) is worth 100,000 prayers; a prayer in my mosque (in Medina) is worth 1,000 prayers; and a prayer in al-Masjid al-Aqsa (in Jerusalem) is worth 500 prayers more than in any other mosque. See also Sahih Bukhari 2:21:288. [edit] Tombs of Shiite ImamsThe tombs of the Twelve Imāms are revered by Shī'ah Muslims. These are often places where the people of the Shiite faith visit exclusively, for the purpose of Ziyarah, a form of pilgrimage. [edit] Imam Ali Mosque in Najaf, Iraq.jpg)
Imam Ali Mosque contains the tomb of: Also buried within this mosque: Ali ibn Abi Talib was the cousin and son-in-law of the Islāmic prophet Muhammad. He is considered by Shi'a tradition to be the first legitimate caliph and the first Imām due to the proclamation given by Muhammad. It is almost universally considered the holiest shrine in Shiite Islam. Both the dome and two of the minarets are covered with golden bricks. Many Shi'a believe that Ali did not want his grave to be desecrated by his enemies and consequently asked his friends and family to bury him secretly. This secret gravesite is supposed to have been revealed later during the Abbasid caliphate by Ja'far al-Sadiq, the Sixth Shī`a Imām.[18] Most Shi'as accept that Ali is buried in Imam Ali Mosque, in what is now the city of Najaf (which grew around the shrine).[19] With an estimated 130 to 200 million followers worldwide, this accounts for approximately 15% of all Muslims.[20] It is estimated that only Mecca and Medina receive more Muslim pilgrims. It has also been narrated from Ja'far al-Sadiq, the 6th Imām, that Imam Ali Mosque is the third of five holy places: Makkah, Madina, Imam Ali Shrine in Najaf, Imam Husayn Shrine in Karbala, and the Shrine for Fatimah - daughter of Musa al-Kadhim in Qom.[21] Another story maintained by Afghanis, notes that Ali's body was taken and buried in the Afghan city of Mazari Sharif at the famous Blue Mosque (also called Rawze-e-Sharif).[22] [edit] Imam Husayn Mosque in Karbala, Iraq
Imam Husayn Mosque contains the tombs of:
The Shrine of Husayn ibn Ali (Arabic: مقام الامام الحسين) is a holy site of Shī'a Islam in the city of Karbala, Iraq. It stands on the site of the grave of Husayn ibn Ali, the second grandson of Muhammad, near the place where he was killed during the Battle of Karbala in 680.[23][24] The tomb of Husayn ibn Ali is one of the holiest places for Shias outside of Mecca and Medina, and many make pilgrimages to the site. Up to a million pilgrims visit the city to observe Ashura, which marks the anniversary of Husayn ibn Ali's death.[25]
Millions of pilgrims visit the shrine and pay homage to it every year. The real grave of Abbas is beneath the masoulem, and is present in the shrine.[26] Emperors and kings of various dynasties have offered valuable gifts and gems to the shrine of Abbas. It was designed by Persian and Central Asian architects. The brilliant splash of colors on the exterior and interior of the shrine are impressive. The central pear shaped dome is an ornately decorated structure. On its sides stand two tall minarets. The tomb is covered with pure gold and surrounded by a trellis of silver. Iranian carpets are rolled out on the floors.[27] [edit] Imam Ridha Mosque in Mashhad, Iran
Imam Ridha Mosque contains the tomb of: Imam Ridha was believed, by members of the Shi'a, to have been poisoned there upon orders of Caliph Al Ma'mun and was buried beside the grave of al-Harun. After this event this place was called as Mashhad al-Ridha (the place of martyrdom of Ali al-Rida). By the end of the 9th century a dome was built on the grave and many buildings and Bazaars sprang up around it. During more than a millennium it has been devastated and reconstructed several times.[28] Then the mausoleum rebuilt by Sultan Mahmood Ghaznavi.[29] Nowadays Imam Ridha shrine in Mashhad, Iran, is a complex which contains mausoleum of Imam Reza, the eighth Imam of Twelvers. There is also museum, library, cemetery, mosque and some other buildings. Today the holy shrine and its museum hold one of the most extensive cultural and artistic treasuries of Iran, in particular manuscript books and paintings. Several important theological schools are associated with the shrine of the Eighth Imam. As a city of great religious significance, it is also a place of pilgrimage. It is said that the rich go to Makkah but the poor journey to Mashhad. Thus, even as those who complete the pilgrimage to Makkah receive the title of Haji, those who make the pilgrimage to Mashhad – and especially to the Imam Ridha shrine – are known as Mashtee, a term employed also of its inhabitants. It is thought that over 20 million Muslims a year make the pilgrimage to Mashhad. It is generally considered to be the holiest Shiite shrine in Iran, and is sometimes ranked as the third holiest Shiite shrine in the world.[30] 
[edit] Al Kadhimiyya Mosque in Baghdad, IraqThe Al Kadhimiya Mosque contains the tombs of: Also buried within this mosque: Some consider the mosque the third holiest in Shi'ite Islam.[31][32] [edit] Al Askari Mosque in Samarra, Iraq
The Al Askari Mosque contains the tombs of: Also buried within this mosque:
The cellar from which the Twelfth or "Hidden" Imām, Muħammad al-Mahdī disappeared from view is also found within this mosque. At the time of the Al Askari bombing in Samarra, it was reported that the mosque was one of Shiite Islam's holiest sites, only exceeded by the shrines of Najaf and Karbala.[33] [edit] Jannatul Baqee' in Madina, Saudi ArabiaJannatul Baqee' is a cemetery located across from Masjid an-Nabawi and contains the tombs of:
It is also thought that the real grave of Fatimatuz-Zahra', daughter of Prophet Muhammed, lies here as well. [edit] Fatima al-Ma'sūmah Mosque in Qom, IranThe Fātimah al-Ma‘sūmah Mosque contains the tomb of:
Located in Qom, Iran, some consider the Fātimah al-Ma‘sūmah Mosque to be the third holiest shrine in Shia Islam (see above). The shrine has attracted to itself dozens of seminaries and religious schools. Shah Abbas I built the shrine complex in the early 17th century.[34] [edit] Other mosques associated with Muhammad
The Quba Mosque (Quba' Masjid or Masjid al-Quba, Arabic: مسجد قباء) just outside Medina, Saudi Arabia, is the first Islamic mosque ever built. Its first stones were positioned by Muhammad on his emigration from the city of Mecca to Medina and the mosque was completed by his companions. Muhammad spent more than 20 nights in this mosque (after migrating) praying qasr (a short prayer) while waiting for Ali whose house was behind this mosque. Muhammad used to go there, riding or on foot, every Saturday and offer a two rak'ah prayer. He advised others to do the same, saying, "Whoever makes ablutions at home and then goes and prays in the Mosque of Quba, he will have a reward like that of an 'Umrah." This hadith is reported by Ahmad, Nasa'i, Ibn Majah, and Al-Hakim. [edit] Sites revered by localsNumerous cities, mosques and tombs throughout the Muslim world are revered locally.
[edit] See also[edit] Footnotes
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