Help:IPA for Polish

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The charts below explain the symbols of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) which are commonly used to represent the pronunciation of words in the Polish language.

See Polish phonology for a more complete version. Stress is usually on the penult (second-to-last syllable).

IPA	Orthography	Description
b ⁽ⁱ⁾	b	Similar to English b in bike.
bʲ	b(i)^[1]	Similar to English b in beauty.
ts ⁽ⁱ⁾^[2]	c	Similar to English ts in cats
tʂ ⁽ⁱ⁾^[2]	cz	Similar to English ch in child.^[3]
tɕ ⁽ⁱ⁾^[2]	ć c(i)^[1]	Similar to English ch in child.^[3]
x ⁽ⁱ⁾	ch	Like ch in the Scottish pronunciation of loch.
ç ⁽ⁱ⁾	ch(i)^[1]	Similar to English h in huge.
d ⁽ⁱ⁾	d	Similar to English d in door
dz ⁽ⁱ⁾ ^[2]	dz	Similar to English ds in cads
dʐ ⁽ⁱ⁾ ^[2]	dż	Similar to English j in jug.^[3]
dʑ ⁽ⁱ⁾ ^[2]	dź dz(i)^[1]	Similar to English j in jug.^[3]
f ⁽ⁱ⁾	f	Similar to English f in feist
fʲ	f(i)^[1]	Similar to English f in few
ɡ ⁽ⁱ⁾	g	Similar to English g in girl.
gʲ	g(i)^[1]
k ⁽ⁱ⁾	k	Similar to English c in curl.
kʲ	k(i)^[1]	Similar to English c in cute.
x ⁽ⁱ⁾	h	Like ch in the Scottish pronunciation of loch.
ç ⁽ⁱ⁾	h(i)^[1]	Similar to English h in huge.
j ⁽ⁱ⁾	j	Similar to English y in yes.
w ⁽ⁱ⁾	ł (Ł)	Similar to English w in way.
l ⁽ⁱ⁾	l	Similar to English l in lion.
m ⁽ⁱ⁾	m	Similar to English m in mile.
mʲ	m(i)^[1]	Similar to English m in mute.
n ⁽ⁱ⁾	n	Similar to English n in Nile
ɲ ⁽ⁱ⁾	ń n(i)^[1]	Similar to English ny in canyon.
p ⁽ⁱ⁾	p	Similar to English p in pike.
pʲ	p(i)^[1]	Similar to English p in pewter.
r ⁽ⁱ⁾	r	A rolled r sound like in Spanish rojo
ʐ ⁽ⁱ⁾	rz	Similar to English /ʒ/ of vision.^[3]
s ⁽ⁱ⁾	s	Similar to English s in sign
ʂ ⁽ⁱ⁾	sz	Similar to English sh in ship^[3]
ɕ ⁽ⁱ⁾	ś s(i)^[1]	Similar to English sh in ship^[3]
t ⁽ⁱ⁾	t	Similar to English t in tike.
v ⁽ⁱ⁾	w	Similar to English v in vile
vʲ	w(i)^[1]
z ⁽ⁱ⁾	z	Similar to English z in Zaire
ʐ ⁽ⁱ⁾	ż	Similar to English /ʒ/ of vision.^[3]
ʑ ⁽ⁱ⁾	ź z(i)^[1]	Similar to English /ʒ/ of vision.^[3]

IPA	Orthography	Approximate description
a ⁽ⁱ⁾	a	Between the a sounds in cat and car.
ɔ̃	ą^[4]	A nasal o sound.
ɛ ⁽ⁱ⁾	e	Similar to e in bed.
ɛ̃	ę^[4]	A nasal e sound.
i ⁽ⁱ⁾	i^[1]	Like the vowel of eat, but shorter.
ɔ ⁽ⁱ⁾	o	Between the vowel sounds of pot (British pronunciation) and walk.
u ⁽ⁱ⁾	u ó	Like the vowel of boot, but shorter.
ɨ ⁽ⁱ⁾	y	Between the vowels of pit and put.

[edit] Other symbols

IPA	Meaning
ˈ	Denotes stress on the following syllable (usually the penultimate syllable of a word).
ˌ	Denotes secondary stress on the following syllable.

[edit] Notes

Voiced consonants are devoiced at the ends of words and in most combinations with voiceless consonants (so d in these situations is pronounced like t, z like s, etc.) However in some voiced/voiceless combinations it is the voiceless consonant which becomes voiced.

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o The letter i, when followed by a vowel, either represents a pronunciation like a j or a "soft" pronunciation of the preceding consonant (so pies is pronounced as if it were spelt "pjes").
It has the same effect as an acute accent on alvoelar consonants (s, z, c, dz, n). So się, cios and niania are pronounced as if they were spelt "śę", "ćos", "ńańa". A following i also softens consonants when it is itself pronounced as a vowel, so for example zima, ci and dzisiaj are pronounced as if spelled "źima", "ći", "dźiśaj".
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Affricates such as /ts/ and /dʐ/) are correctly written with tie-bars: /t͡s/, /d͡ʐ/. The tie-bars are omitted in the above chart, as they do not display correctly in all browsers.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Polish makes contrasts between retroflex and alveolo-palatal consonants, both of which sound like the English postalveolars /ʃ ʒ tʃ dʒ/ The retroflex sounds are pronounced "hard" with the front of the tongue raised and the alveolo-palatal sounds are "soft" with the middle of the tongue raised.
^ ^a ^b The letters ą and ę can have different values depending on their position in a word.

[edit] See also

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