Help:IPA for German

The International Phonetic Alphabet for German is shown in the table below. Usage is loosely based on that of Duden 6: Das Aussprachewörterbuch (3d edition, 1990, ISBN 3-411-20916-X).

[edit] Key

[edit] Notes

1. ^ Often not indicated at the beginning of a word, although all apparently vowel-initial words in German actually begin with [ʔ].
2. ^ Many German speakers replace [ð] with [z].
3. ^ Many German speakers replace [ɹ] with [ʁ].
4. ^ Many German speakers replace [w] with [v].
5. ^ Many German speakers replace [θ] with [s].
6. ^ Often replaced by [eː]
7. ^ ^{a b} Sometimes replaced by [aŋ].
8. ^ ^{a b} Sometimes replaced by [ɛŋ].
9. ^ ^{a b} Sometimes replaced by [ɔŋ].
10. ^ ^{a b} Sometimes replaced by [œŋ].
11. ^ Many German speakers replace [ɔː] with [ɔ] or [oː].
12. ^ Many German speakers replace [ʌ] with [a].