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In firearms terminology, an action is the physical mechanism that manipulates cartridges and/or seals the breech. The term is also used to describe the method in which cartridges are loaded, locked, and extracted from the mechanism. Actions are generally categorized by the type of mechanism used. A firearm action is technically not present on muzzleloaders as all loading is done by hand. The mechanism that fires a muzzle-loader is called the lock.
[edit] Manual operationManual operation is a firearms term describing any type of firearm action that is loaded one shot at a time by the user rather than automatically. For example, break action is a form of manual operation using a simple hinge mechanism that is manually unlatched by the operator exposing the chamber(s) for reloading. [edit] Falling block
A falling block action is a type of single shot firearm where the opening and closing of the breech is activated by a lever acting directly on the breechblock and lowering it to expose the breech. An example of a firearm using the falling block action are the Martini-Henry and Ruger No. 1. A minor variation is the rolling block where the breechblock is pivoted out of the way. [edit] Bolt action
In bolt action firearms, the opening and closing of the breech is operated manually by a bolt. Opening the breech ejects a cartridge while subsequently closing the breech chambers a new round. The three predominant bolt-action systems are the Mauser, Lee-Enfield, and Mosin-Nagant systems. [edit] Lever action
Lever action firearms uses a lever to eject and chamber cartridges. An example of firearms using lever action are the Winchester Repeating Rifle and Marlin Model 1894. [edit] Pump action
In pump action or slide action firearms, a grip called the fore end is manually operated by the user to eject and chamber a new round. Pump actions are predominantly found in shotguns. An example of firearms using the pump action are the Remington 870 and Winchester Model 1897 [edit] Break action
A break action is a type of firearm where the barrel(s) are hinged and can be "broken open" to expose the breech. Multi-barrel break action firearms are usually subdivided into over-and-under or side-by-side configurations for two barrel configurations or "combination gun" when mixed rifle and shotgun barrels are used. [edit] Automatic actions[edit] Recoil operationRecoil operation is a type of locked-breech firearm action used in semi-automatic and fully-automatic firearms. As the name implies, these actions use the force of recoil to provide the energy to cycle the action. [edit] Examples of recoil operation
[edit] Blowback/Blowforward operationBlowback operation is a system in which semi-automatic and fully-automatic firearms operate through the energy created by combustion in the chamber and bore acting directly on the bolt face through the cartridge. [edit] Examples of blowback operation
[edit] Gas operationGas operation is a system of operation used to provide energy to semi-automatic and fully-automatic firearms. In gas-operation, a portion of high pressure gas from the cartridge being fired is used to extract the spent case and chamber a new cartridge. There are three basic types: long stroke gas piston (where the gas piston goes the same distance as the operating stroke of the action parts, and is often attached to the action parts), short stroke gas piston (where the gas piston goes less than distance as the operating stroke of the action parts), and direct impingement (AKA "direct gas", "gas impingement", where there is no piston, and the gas acts directly on the action parts.) A fourth type, now considered obsolete and ineffective, are those systems based on the Bang rifle that utilize a muzzle cap to capture gas after the bullet has left the barrel. While this system is successful in boosting the operating power of recoil operated guns, it is insufficient and too susceptible to fouling for use as the primary operating system. [edit] Examples of gas operation
[edit] OtherOther methods of operation the Gardner gun, screw breechblock, rotating crank, the trapdoor, and Snider breechblock actions. [edit] External links[edit] See alsoPágina espejo de la WikipediaDirectorio de Enlaces Directorio dmoz Directorio espejo dmoz Pedro Bernardo |