Duke of Aquitaine

Map of France in 1154

The Duke of Aquitaine (French: Duc d'Aquitaine) ruled the historical region of Aquitaine under the supremacy of the Frankish and later the French kings.

[edit] Dukes of Aquitaine under Frankish kings

Merovingian kings are in boldface.

• Chramn (555–560)
• Desiderius (583–587)
• Bladast (583–587)
• Astrobald (587–589)
• Sereus (589–592)
• Charibert II (629–632)
• Chilperic (632)
• Boggis (632–660)
• Felix (660–670)
• Lupus I (670–676)
• Odo the Great (688–735), his reign commenced perhaps as late as 692, 700, or 715, unclear parentage
• Hunald I (735–748), son of previous, abdicated to monastery, may have returned later (see below)
• Waifer (748–767), son of previous
• Hunald II (767–769), either Hunald I returning or a different Hunald, fled to Lupus II of Gascony and was handed over to Charlemagne
• Lupus II (768–781), Duke of Gascony, opposed Charlemagne's rule and Hunald's relatives

[edit] Direct rule of Carolingian kings

After 778, Charlemagne appointed no more Dukes, assuming direct rule of Aquitaine (and accordingly is enumerated Charles I of Aquitaine, as the first so named King in that kingdom). In 781, he appointed his son Louis as a subordinate King and assigned him with Aquitaine. After Louis, several other members of the dynasty ruled over the region as subordinate kings.

• Louis I the Pious (781–817)
• Pepin I (817–838), son of Louis
• Charles II the Bald (838–855), brother of Pepin I; in contest with:
• Pepin II (claimant 838–864), son of Pepin I
• Charles III the Child (855–866), son of Charles the Bald.
• Louis II the Stammerer (866–879), son of Charles the Bald, also King of France from 877
• Carloman (879–884), son of previous, also King of Burgundy

After 882, when Carloman succeeded his brother Louis III to become King of all Western Francia, Aquitaine remained under the supremacy of the French king.

Coat of arms of the duchy of Aquitaine

[edit] Dukes of Aquitaine under French kings

The Carolingian Kings again appointed Dukes of Aquitaine, first in 852, and again since 866. Later on, this Duchy was also called Guyenne.

House of Poitiers (Ramnulfids)

• Ranulph I (852–866), also Count of Poitiers.
  No duke 866-887
• Ranulph II (887–890), son of previous, also Count of Poitiers, called himself King of Aquitaine from 888 until his death.
• Ebalus the Bastard (also called Manzer) (890–893), illegitimate son of Ranulph, also Count of Poitiers and Auvergne.

House of Auvergne

• William I the Pious (893–918), also Count of Auvergne
• William II the Younger (918–926), nephew of William I, also Count of Auvergne.
• Acfred (926–927), brother of William II, also Count of Auvergne.

House of Poitiers (Ramnulfids)

• Ebalus the Bastard (927–932), for a second time.

House of Rouergue

• Raymond I Pons (932–936)
• Raymond II (936–955)

House of Capet

• Hugh the Great (955–962)

House of Poitiers (Ramnulfids)

• William III Towhead (962–963), son of Ebalus, also Count of Poitiers and Auvergne.
• William IV Iron Arm (963–995), son of previous, also Count of Poitiers.
• William V the Great (995–1030), son of previous, also Count of Poitiers.
• William VI the Fat (1030–1038), 1st son of previous, also Count of Poitiers.
• Eudes (or Odo) (1038–1039), 2nd son of William V of Aquitaine, also Count of Poitiers and Duke of Gascony.
• William VII the Eagle (1039–1058), 3rd son of William V of Aquitaine also Count of Poitiers.
• William VIII (1058–1086), 4th son of William V of Aquitaine, also Count of Poitiers and Duke of Gascony.
• William IX the Troubadour (or the Younger) (1086–1127), son of previous, also Count of Poitiers and Duke of Gascony.
• William X the Saint (1127–1137), son of previous, also Count of Poitiers and Duke of Gascony.
• Eleanor (1137–1189), daughter of previous, also Countess of Poitiers and Duchess of Gascony, married the kings of France and England in succession.
  • Louis the Younger (1137–1152), also King of France, Duke in right of his wife.

Homage of Edward I (kneeling) to the Philip IV of France (seated). As Duke of Aquitaine, Edward was a vassal to the French king

House of Plantagenet

• • Henry I (1152–1172), also King of England, Duke in right of his wife.
  • Richard I Lionheart (1172–1184), also King of England, Duke and regent in right of his mother.
• Richard I Lionheart (1189–1196), (succeding on the death of his mother, Eleanor)
• Otto of Brunswick (1196–1199),
• John I (1199–1216) Also King of England, Duke in right of his mother until 1204,
• Henry II (1216–1254), also King of England.
• Edward I Longshanks (1254–1306), also King of England.
• Edward II (1306–1325), also King of England.
• Edward III (1325–1362), also King of England.

[edit] Plantagenet rulers of Aquitaine

In 1337, King Philip VI of France reclaimed the fief of Aquitaine from Edward III, King of England and Duke of Aquitaine. Edward in turn claimed the title of King of France, by right of his descent from his grandfather King Philip. This triggered the Hundred Years' War, in which both the Plantagenets and Valois claimed the supremacy over Aquitaine due to the King of France.

In 1360 both sides signed the Treaty of Bretigny, in which Edward renounced the French crown but remained sovereign Lord of Aquitaine (rather than merely Duke). However, when the treaty was broken in 1369, English claims and the war resumed.

In 1362, King Edward III, as Lord of Aquitaine, made his eldest son Edward, Prince of Wales Prince of Aquitaine.

• Edward the Black Prince (1362–1372), 1st son of Edward III, also Prince of Wales.

In 1390, King Richard II appointed his uncle John of Gaunt as Duke of Aquitaine. That title passed on to John's descendants.

• John II (1390–1399), 2nd son of Edward III, also Duke of Lancaster.
• Henry III (1399), inherited the Duchy from his father, but ceded it to his son upon becoming King of England.
• Henry IV (1399–1422), son of previous, also King of England 1413–1422.

Henry continued to rule over Aquitaine as King of England and Lord of Aquitaine. He succeeded in obtaining the French crown for his family by the Treaty of Troyes in 1420. Henry's baby son Henry VI became King of England and France in 1422, but gradually lost control of France until 1453.

[edit] Valois and Bourbon Dukes of Aquitaine

The Valois Kings of France, claiming supremacy over Aquitaine, granted the title of Duke to their heirs, the Dauphins.

• John II of France (1345–1350), son of Philip VI of France, acceded in 1350 as King of France.
• Charles (1392?–1401), son of Charles VI of France, Dauphin.
• Louis (1401–1415), son of Charles VI of France, Dauphin.

With the end of the Hundred Years War, Aquitaine returned to direct rule of the King of France and remained in the possession of the King. Only occasionally was the Duchy or the title of Duke granted to another member of the dynasty.

• Charles, Duc de Berry (1469–1472), son of Charles VII of France.
• Xavier (1753–1754), second son of Louis, Dauphin of France.
• Charles-Gonzalve de Bourbon, (1972–2000), son of Jacques-Henri VI, duke of Anjou and Segovia, head of the house of Bourbon