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Ethiopia's population is highly diverse. Most of its people speak a Semitic or Cushitic language. The Oromo, Amhara, and Tigrayans make up more than three-fourths of the population, but there are more than 80 different ethnic groups within Ethiopia. Some of these have as few as 10,000 members. In general, most of the Christians live in the highlands, while Muslims and adherents of traditional African religions tend to inhabit lowland regions. English is the most widely spoken foreign language and is taught in all secondary schools. Amharic was the language of primary school instruction but has been replaced in many areas by local languages such as Oromifa and Tigrinya.
[edit] Current demographic data[edit] PopulationCIA est. (2006): 74,777,981[1] note: The latest census for which figures are available was performed in 1994; this figure is the July 2006 estimate, which take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected. [edit] Age structure0-14 years: 43.7% (male 16,373,718; female 16,280,766) [edit] Population growth rate2.31% (2006 est.) [edit] Birth rate37.98 births population (2006 est.) [edit] Net migration rate0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.) [edit] Sex ratioat birth: 1.03 male(s)/female [edit] Infant mortality rate93.62 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.) [edit] Life expectancy at birthtotal population: 49.03 years [edit] Total fertility rate5.22 children born/woman (2006 est.) [edit] Nationalitynoun: Ethiopian(s) [edit] Ethnic groupsOromo 32.1%, Amhara 30.2%, Tigray 6.2%, Somali 6.0%, Gurage 4.3%, Sidama 3.4%, Wolayta 2%, Afar 2%, Hadiya 2%, Gamo 1%. (smaller groups are listed at Category:Ethnic groups in Ethiopia)[4][5] [edit] ReligionsChristian 61.6% (Ethiopian Orthodox 50.6%, Protestant 10.1% (P'ent'ay and Ethiopian Orthodox Tehadeso Church), Catholic 0.9%, Muslim 32.8%[6][7], Traditional 5.6%.[4] Small Ethiopian Jewish community, although most have migrated to Israel. But the U.S. Department of States has contradictory figures, putting Islam as being about equal or a slight majority, so a need for review of the figures will be required (Islam 45%-50%, Orthodoxy 40%, Protestant 5% and the remaining is traditional).[8][9] [edit] LanguagesAmharic 32.7% (as a first language), Oromigna 31.6%, Tigrinya 6.1%, Somali 6.0%, Guragigna 3.5%, Sidamo 3.5%, other local languages; Arabic, English (major foreign language taught in schools).[1] [edit] Literacydefinition: age 15 and over can read and write [edit] Genetic studiesMost Y-chromosome haplogroups in Ethiopia are of the E1b1b (formerly E3b) clade. It is extant in its highest level among the Oromo, where it represents 79.5% of lineages. It is also found at a frequency of 45.8% among the Amhara. The haplogroup is thought to have originated either in the Horn of Africa[10] or the Near East[11]. E1b1b is mostly characterized by its E1b1b1a (M78) sub-clade (formerly known as E3b1a). The haplogroup J, which is believed to have arisen 31,700 years ago (plus or minus 12,800 years) in the Near East,[12] is also found in high numbers in the Amhara and Tigray people. It is found at levels of about 35% among the Amhara, of which about 33% is of the type J1-M267 while 2% is of the type J2-M172, with only a small percentage representing admixture due to recent and historic migrations (those containing the motif YCAIIa22-YCAIIb22 which may represent a clade that originated in Western Asia).[13] [edit] References
This article contains material from the CIA World Factbook (2006 edition) which, as a US government publication, is in the public domain. [edit] See also
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