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The California Republic (República de California in Spanish), also called the Bear Flag Republic, was the result of a revolt by Americans on June 14, 1846, in the town of Sonoma against the authorities of the Mexican province of California; the Republic lasted less than a month. The republic eventually became the present-day state of California.
[edit] Bear Flag RevoltU.S. Army Major John C. Frémont had spread rumors of impending action against settlers by the Mexican government and encouraged rebellion. A group of thirty-three men strode into the Sonoma town center, and raised a flag with a bear and star on it (the "Bear Flag") to symbolize a new California Republic, independent from Mexico. This use of the flag led these actions to be dubbed the "Bear Flag Revolt." 
That same day, the men captured the former Mexican Comandante of Northern California, General Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo, who was the leader of a private military company at the Presidio of Sonoma. Vallejo was taken prisoner and sent to Sutter's Fort where he was imprisoned through August 1, 1846. The Republic's first and only president was William B. Ide[1], whose term lasted twenty-five days. On June 23, 1846, Frémont arrived with his force of sixty soldiers and took over command of the combined forces. The Mexican governor was concerned, and he sent 50 troops to attack the Bear Flaggers. General José Castro attempted to stop the revolt, but his forces were sorely defeated at the Battle of Olompali. Unknown to the men, war had already been declared on May 13, 1846 between the United States and Mexico, but the news took until mid-July 1846 to reach California: On July 7, 1846 a frigate (Savannah) and two sloops (Cyane and Levant) of the U.S. Navy, commanded by John D. Sloat, routed the detachment of the Mexican Coast Guard garrisoning the port of Monterey, California[2] [3] in a minor skirmish (the Battle of Monterey), and alerted Frémont and his men that the Mexican-American War had begun. In response the "Bear Flaggers" abandoned the idea of the Republic, and joined the efforts to make California part of the United States. They replaced their flag with the Stars and Stripes. Ide was demoted from president to private in the "California Battalion" controlled by Frémont. [edit] Bear Flag
The most noticeable legacy of the California Republic is the adoption by the State of California of the 1846 Bear Flag as the basis of the modern state Flag of California; the modern flag also has a star, a grizzly bear, and a colored stripe and the words "California Republic" near the bottom. The site on Sonoma Plaza of the raising of the original Bear Flag is commemorated as a California Historical Landmark. The Bear Flag was designed and made by William L. Todd, who was a first cousin[4] of Mary Todd Lincoln[5], wife of future president Abraham Lincoln. Todd painted the flag on a piece of domestic cotton cloth, roughly a yard and a half in length. The flag featured a red star imitating Texas's lone star and what he intended to be a representation of a common bear in California.[6] The bear was described as being en passant (walking),[7] but on the original flag the bear was drawn statant (standing). Statant and en passant are terms used in heraldry. This oversight (if oversight it was) has been corrected on the modern California flag, which shows the bear walking. The original flag was destroyed in the fires following the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. A replica of that flag, created in 1896 for the 50th Anniversary celebrations, is now on display at El Presidio de Sonoma which was established in 1836 by Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo as a part of Mexico's strategy to halt Russian incursions into the region. [edit] Proclamation of the Bear Flag RevoltWilliam B. Ide wrote the first proclamation of independence on the night of June 14-15, 1846, and released it on the fifteenth:[8]
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