Breakaway states

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This is a list of currently active autonomist and secessionist movements around the world.

Entries on this list meet two criteria: they are active movements with living, active members, and they are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy). What is and is not considered an autonomy or secession movement is, of course, contentious.

For defunct movements and groups, please see: List of historical autonomist and secessionist movements

[edit] Africa

[edit] Algeria

• Kabyles
  • Proposed state: Kabylie
  • Political party: Mouvement pour l'Autonomie de la Kabylie

[edit] Angola

• Cabinda
  • Government-in-exile: Frente para a Libertação do Enclave de Cabinda (FLEC)
  • Political party: Frente para a Libertação do Enclave de Cabinda (FLEC)
  • Rebel organization: Forças Armadas de Cabinda (FAC)
  • Proposed state: Republic of Cabinda

[edit] Benin

• Yoruba

[edit] Cameroon

• Bakassi Peninsula
  • Proposed state: Democratic Republic of Bakassi

• Southern Cameroons
  • Proposed state: Federal Republic of Southern Cameroon, Ambazonia
  • Political party: Southern Cameroons National Council

[edit] Comoros

• Anjouan
  • Political parties: Anjouan People's Movement, Mouvement Populaire Anjouanais, Mawana
• Mohéli
  • Proposed state: Democratic Republic of Mwali

[edit] Congo-Kinshasa

• Bas-Congo
  • Pressure group: Bundu dia Kongo
  • Proposed state: Kingdom of Kongo
• Katanga
  • Political parties: Confédération des Associations de Katanga Tribales, Union of Independent Federalists and Republicans
• Kwili, Kivu
  • Proposed state: Republic of Bukavu

[edit] Côte d'Ivoire

• Northern Regions
• Proposed State: Republique des les Regions Nordenses.

[edit] Egypt

• Copts
  • Proposed State: Coptic Pharaonic Republic
  • Pressure Group: Coptic Christians living abroad.

[edit] Equatorial Guinea

• Bioko
  • Political party: Movement for the Self-Determination of Bioko Island

[edit] Ethiopia

• Gambela Region
  • Rebel organization: Gambella Peoples Liberation Front
• Ogaden ( Somali Region)
  • Proposed state: Republic of Ogadenia
  • Political party: Ogaden National Liberation Front, Western Somali Liberation Front
  • Pressure group: Ogaden Youth Association
• Oromia Region
  • Rebel organization: Oromo Independence Movement
  • Rebel organization: Oromo Liberation Front
  • Rebel organization: Islamic Front for the Liberation of Oromia
  • Rebel organization: Conference of Oromiya Peoples Liberation Front

[edit] France (Africa)

• Mayotte
• Réunion

[edit] Mauritius

• Rodrigues Island

[edit] Morocco

• Western Sahara
  • Government-in-exile: Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
  • Political party: Polisario Front

[edit] Namibia

• Caprivi
  • Rebel organization: Caprivi Liberation Army
  • Political party: Caprivi African National Union
  • Proposed state: Free State of Caprivi Strip/Itenge

[edit] Niger

• Agadez Department
  • Rebel organization: Revolutionary Armed Forces of the Sahara
  • Political parties: Taniminnak Tidot N Tenere, Tidot Union of Tenere.
  • Proposed state: Akal N Tenere, Tenere Republic

[edit] Nigeria

• Bakassi Peninsula
  • Proposed state: Democratic Republic of Bakassi
• Igbo
  • Proposed state: Biafra (defunct)
  • Political party: Movement for the Actualization of the Sovereign State of Biafra
• Ijaw
  • Rebel organization: Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta
  • Rebel organization: Niger Delta People's Volunteer Force
  • Proposed state: Niger Delta Republic
• Ogoni
  • Political party: Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People
• Yoruba
  • Political party: Oodua Republic Front
  • Proposed state: Oduduwa Republic of the Yorubas

[edit] Rwanda

• Batwa (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
  • Political party: Association for the Promotion of Batwa

[edit] Somalia

• Galmudug
• Hiraan
  • Proposed autonomous region: States of Central Somalia
• Jubaland
  • Rebel organization: Somali Patriotic Movement
  • Proposed state: Republic of Jubaland
• Maakhir
• Puntland
  • Political party: Somali Salvation Democratic Front
  • De facto state: Republic of Puntland State of Somalia
• Somaliland
  • Political party: Somali National Movement
  • De facto state: Republic of Somaliland
• Southwestern Somalia
  • Rebel organization: Rahanwein Resistance Army
  • Proposed autonomous region: State of Southwestern Somalia

[edit] Senegal

• Casamance
  • Rebel organization: Movement of Democratic Forces of Casamance

[edit] South Africa

• Boere-Afrikaners

• Rebel organization: Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging
• Pressure group: Orania Movement
• Proposed state: Volkstaat

[edit] Sudan

• Beja
  • Rebel organization: Beja Congress
• Darfur
  • Rebel organization: Darfur Liberation Front
• Eastern Sudan
  • Rebel organization: Eastern Front (Sudan)
• Southern Sudan
  • Proposed state: Southern Sudan

[edit] Tanzania

• Zanzibar (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
  • Political party: Civic United Front

[edit] Western Sahara

• Sahrawis
  • Government-in-exile: Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (see foreign relations of Western Sahara)
  • Political party: Polisario Front
  • De facto state: Free Zone

[edit] Zambia

• Barotse
  • Proposed state: Barotseland
  • Rebel organization: Barotse Patriotic Front

[edit] Asia

[edit] Afghanistan

• Badakhshan (Wakhan Corridor)
  • Political party: Lali Badakhshon
  • Proposed autonomous region: United Badakhshan Peoples Republic

[edit] Azerbaijan

• Nagorno-Karabakh
  • De facto state: Nagorno-Karabakh Republic
• Talysh-Mughan
  • Proposed autonomous region: Talysh-Mughan Autonomous Republic

[edit] Bangladesh

• Chittagong Hill Tracts (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)

[edit] People's Republic of China

[edit] Secessionist movements

• Hong Kong
  • Political Organisation: Hong Konger Front
  • Proposed state: Republic of Hong Kong
• Inner Mongolia (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
  • Political parties: Inner Mongolian People's Party, Southern Mongolian Freedom Federation
• Tibet (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
  • Government-in-exile: Tibetan Government in Exile
  • Political party: International Tibet Independence Movement, National Democratic Party of Tibet, United Liberation Front of Tibet
  • Pressure Groups: Students for a Free Tibet

See also: 2008 unrest in Tibet

• East Turkestan / Uyghuristan / Xinjiang (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
  • Rebel organization: East Turkestan Islamic Movement
  • Political party: East Turkestan Government in Exile (newly founded, and not widely known or recognized yet)
  • Proposed state: Eastern Turkestan Republic

[edit] Autonomist movements

• Macau
  • Political party: New Macau Association
• Hong Kong
  • Certain degree of autonomy guaranteed by Basic Law of Hong Kong in the 1997 handover of Hong Kong from British to Chinese rule.

• Pro-Democracy camp.

[edit] Georgia

• Abkhazia (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
  • De facto state: Republic of Abkhazia
• Armenians in Samtskhe-Javakheti region
  • Pressure group: Javakh, United Javakh-Democratic Alliance, Virk
  • Proposed autonomous region: Javakh autonomous region
• South Ossetia
  • De facto state: Republic of South Ossetia

[edit] India

See also: Insurgent groups in Northeast India

• Andhra Pradesh^{[citation needed]}
  • Political party: Jai Andhra[1]
• Arunachal Pradesh
  • Rebel organization: Arunachal Dragon Force
  • Proposed autonomous region: Teola country[2]
• Assam

See also under Bodoland, Dimasaland, Kamtapur, Karbi below.

• • Rebel organization: United Liberation Front of Assam, Muslim United Liberation Tigers of Assam[3]
• Bodoland
  • Political parties: National Democratic Front of Bodoland
• Dimasaland
  • Political party: Dima Halim Daogah
• Garo
  • Rebel organizations: People's Liberation Front of Meghalaya/Achik National Volunteer Council[4]
  • Proposed autonomous region: Achikland
• Gondwana
  • Political party: Gondwana Ganatantra Party, seeking to create a Gondi state from parts of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and Maharashtra[5]
• Kamtapur
  • Political party: Kamtapur Peoples Party (political wing of KLO)
  • Rebel organizations: Kamtapur Liberation Organisation, Koch-Rajbongshi Liberation Organisation
• Karbi^{[citation needed]}
  • Rebel organization: Karbi National Volunteers, United People’s Democratic Solidarity[6]
  • Proposed autonomous region: Karbi-Anglong^{[citation needed]}
• Karnataka
  • Proposed State:Tulu Nadu,seeking to create a Tulu state from parts of Karnataka
• Kashmir
  • Rebel organizations:Lashkar-e-Toiba, Harkat-ul-mujahideen
  • Proposed state: Unification with Pakistan
  • Political organizations:All Parties Hurriyat Conference, Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front
  • Proposed state: Independent State of Kashmir
• Nagaland
  • Rebel organization: National Socialist Council of Nagaland
  • Government-in-exile: Government of the People’s Republic of Nagaland
  • Proposed state: Nagalim, or Peoples Republic of Nagaland
• Manipur^{[citation needed]}
  • Rebel organizations: Hmar People's Convention–Democrat, Manipur People’s Liberation Front, United National Liberation Front, Revolutionary People's Front of Manipur, People's Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak[7]
• Mizoram^{[citation needed]}
  • Rebel organizations: Zomi Revolutionary Organization^{[citation needed]}, Mizoram Farmers Liberation Force^{[citation needed]}
  • Proposed state: Zozam^{[citation needed]}
• Punjab
  • Proposed state: Khalistan
  • Rebel organizations: Khalistan Commando Force, Babbar Khalsa International, Khalistan Zindabad Force, International Sikh Youth Federation, Khalistan Liberation Force
• Rayalaseema^{[citation needed]}
• Tamil Nadu^{[citation needed]}
  • Rebel organizations: Tamil National Retrieval Troops, Tamil Nadu Liberation Army
• Telangana
  • Political parties: Telangana Rashtra Samithi, seeking to separate Telangana from Andhra Pradesh state. Various other minor groups such as Jai Telangana Party, Telangana Communist Party, Telangana Janata Party, Telangana Praja Samithi, Telangana Rashtra Party, Telangana Rashtra Sadhana Front, Telangana Rashtra Samithi and Telangana Sadhana Samithi.
• Tripura
  • Rebel organizations: National Liberation Front of Tripura (two factions operating), All Tripura Tiger Force
• Vidarbha^{[citation needed]}
  • Political parties: Vidarbha Rajya Party, Vidarbha Vikas Party, seeking to separate Vidarbha from Maharashtra.
• Zomi^{[citation needed]}
  • Political parties: Zomi National Congress^{[citation needed]}

[edit] Indonesia

• Aceh (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
  • Political party: Free Aceh Movement
• Maluku (South Moluccas is a member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
  • Political parties: Maluku Sovereignty Front
  • Government-in-exile: Republik Maluku Selatan
• Riau
• West Papua (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
  • Political parties: Free Papua Movement/Organisasi Papua Merdeka, West Papua Niugini
  • Proposed state: Republic of West Papua
• Sulawesi
• Proposed state: Republic of Bali , Bali Independence Movement

[edit] Japan

• Hokkaido
• Ryūkyūs, Ryukyuan people
  • Proposed state: Republic of the Ryūkyūs
  • Political party: Ryukyu independence movement, Kariyushi Club (formerly, Ryūkyū Independent Party)
• Volcano Islands and Bonin Islands

[edit] Laos

• Hmong

[edit] Myanmar (Burma)

• Arakan
  • Pressure group: Arakan Independence Alliance
• Chin
  • Rebel organization: Chin National Front
  • Proposed state: Chinland
• Kachin
  • Political party: Kachin National Organization
  • Proposed state: Kachinland
• Karen
  • Pressure group: Karen National Union
  • Rebel organization: Karen National Liberation Army
  • Proposed state: Republic of Kawthoolei
• Karenni (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
  • Pressure group: Karenni National Progressive Party
  • Rebel organization: Karenni Army
  • Government-in-exile: Karenni Provisional Government
  • Proposed state: United Karenni Independent States
• Kuki
  • Pressure group: Kuki National Organisation
  • Rebel organization: Kuki National Army
  • Proposed state: Kukiland
• Mon
  • Political party: New Mon State Party
• Nagaland
  • Rebel organization: National Socialist Council of Nagaland
  • Government-in-exile: Government of the People's Republic of Nagaland
  • Proposed state: Nagalim, or Peoples Republic of Nagaland
• Rakhine people
  • Pressure group: Arakan Rohingya National Organization
• Shan
  • Political party: Shan Democratic Union
  • Pressure group: Restoration Council of Shan State
  • Rebel organization: Shan State Army
  • Proposed state: Federated Shan States
• Wa
  • Political party: United Wa State Party
  • Rebel organization: United Wa State Army
  • Proposed state: Wa State
• Zomi
  • Political parties: Zomi National Congress, Zomi Reunification Organization
  • Rebel organizations: Zomi National Front/Army, Zomi Revolutionary Army
  • Proposed state: Zogam, or Federated State of Zomi

[edit] Pakistan

• Balochistan
  • Political Party: Balochistan Liberation Front
• Balawaristan
  • Political party: Gilgit Baltistan United Movement
  • Proposed state: Republic of Gilgit Baltistan
• Sindh
  • Proposed state: Sindhudesh
  • Political movement: Jeay Sindh Qaumi Mahaz
• Waziristan
  • Political party: Taliban, al-Qaeda
  • Rebel organization: Army of Waziristan
  • De facto state: Islamic Emirate of Waziristan
• Pashtunistan

[edit] Philippines

• Bangsamoro
  • Political party: Moro National Liberation Front
  • Rebel organization: Moro Islamic Liberation Front
  • Rebel organization: Abu Sayyaf
  • Proposed state: Federal Republic of Mindanao
• Cordillera (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
  • Political party: Cordillera Bodong Association
  • Rebel organization: Cordillera People's Liberation Army

[edit] Russian Federation (Asia)

• Altai Republic
• Buryatia
  • Political party: All Buryat Association for the Development of Culture
• Eastern Siberia
  • Proposed state: United States of Northern Asia
• Khakassia
• Sakha
  • Political party: Sakha-Amuk
• Tuva
  • Political party: People's Party of Sovereign Tuva, People's Front "Free Tuva"

[edit] Sri Lanka

• Tamil
  • Proposed state: Tamil Eelam
  • Rebel organization: Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam

[edit] Republic of China (Taiwan)

• Taiwan (Main article: Taiwan independence, Political status of Taiwan) (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
  • Political parties: Pan-Green Coalition (Democratic Progressive Party, Taiwan Solidarity Union, Taiwan Independence Party)
  • Proposed state: Republic of Taiwan
  • De facto state: Republic of China

[edit] Tajikistan

• Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region
  • Political party: Lali Badakhshon

[edit] Thailand

• Pattani
  • Rebel organization: Pattani United Liberation Organization (PULO) (irredentist)
  • Proposed state: "Greater Patani State" (Negara Patani Raya)

[edit] Turkey (Asia)

• Assyrian/Chaldean/Syriac people (politically divided between Iraq, Iran, Lebanon, Syria and Turkey; see respective entries) (See also: Assyrian independence) (Assyria is a member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
• Kurdish people
  • Rebel organization: Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK)
  • Proposed state: Kurdistan

[edit] Uzbekistan

• Karakalpakstan

[edit] Vietnam

• Hmong
• Degar
  • Proposed autonomous region: Tây Nguyên
  • Pressure group: Montagnard Foundation
• Cham people

[edit] The Middle East

[edit] Iran

• Assyrian people, Aramean-Syriac people and Chaldean people (politically divided between Iraq, Iran, Syria and Turkey; see respective entries) (See also: Assyrian independence) (Assyria is a member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
• Kurdish people
  • Political party: Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iran (KDPI)
  • Political party: Kurdistan Independence Party (PSK)
  • Rebel organizations: Party for a Free Life in Kurdistan (PJAK), Komalah
  • Proposed state: Kurdistan
• Balochistan
• Arabistan (Khuzestan) (See also: Politics of Khūzestān Province)
  • Rebel organizations: Al-Ahwaz Arab People's Democratic Popular Front, Ahwaz Arab Renaissance Party, Ahwaz Liberation Organisation
  • Pressure group: Democratic Solidarity Party of Al-Ahwaz

[edit] Iraq

• Assyrian people, Aramean-Syriac people and Chaldean people (politically divided between Iraq, Iran, Lebanon, Syria and Turkey; see respective entries) (See also: Assyrian independence) (Assyria is a member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
  • Political party: Assyrian Universal Alliance (AUA)
  • Proposed autonomous region: Assyria

• Kurdish people (Iraqi Kurdistan is a member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
  • Political parties: Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK)
  • Proposed state: Kurdistan

• Shi'a Muslims
  • Political United Iraqi Alliance (UIA) (goal: establishing a federation in Iraq, but this is not supported by all parties)
  • Proposed autonomous region: Sumer