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The body louse (Pediculus humanus humanus, sometimes called Pediculus humanus corporis[1]) is a louse which infests humans. The condition of being infested with head lice, body lice, or pubic lice is known as pediculosis.
[edit] OriginsGenetic analysis suggests that the human body louse may have originated about 107,000 years ago from the head louse after the invention of clothing, with the ancestor of all human lice emerging about 770,000 years ago.[2][3] [edit] Entomology and pathologyPediculus humanus humanus (the body louse) is indistinguishable in appearance from Pediculus humanus capitis (the head louse) and under laboratory conditions they will interbreed. In their natural state, however, the two subspecies do not interbreed and occupy different habitats. In particular, body lice have evolved to attach their eggs to clothes, whereas head lice attach their eggs to the base of hairs. Body lice are a nuisance in themselves and cause intense itching. They are however, also vectors (transmitters) of other diseases such as epidemic typhus and louse-borne relapsing fever. There is recently a newly discovered variety of lice dubbed 'super lice' by the media. Some proport that they are normal lice but are now drug-resistant, while others conclude that they always existed but have spread through economic globalization and trade. They appear different from normal lice. They are very very small, and crawl on the body, causing intense discomfort. They have also been known to burrow into the skin to lay eggs. Burrowings appear as acne, many times with a white head and a reddish ring. Situations of lice living in the victims nose and/or ears has also been reported. Once settled in, they breed and multiply. The lice then spread out over the body. Evidence of this is skin surrounding the ears will be pock-marked, as the bites are very small.[4][5] [edit] TreatmentDelousing can be practically achieved by boiling all clothes and bed clothes.[6] In fact, a temperature of 130 °F (55 °C) for 5 minutes will kill most of the adults and prevent eggs from hatching.[7] Where this is not practical or possible, powder dusting with 10% DDT, 1% malathion or 1% permethrin is also effective.[6] If insecticide is not available, louse-infested clothes and bedding should be burnt on an open fire. Medication is usually not necessary, as the problem normally goes away with daily bathing and wearing of clean clothes.[7] Oral ivermectin at a dose of 12 mg on days 0, 7 and 14 has been used in a small trial of 33 people in Marseilles, but did not result in complete eradication, although there was a significant fall in the number of parasites and proportion of people infected.[8] At the moment, ivermectin cannot be routinely recommended for the treatment of body lice. [edit] References
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