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Avery Dulles, S.J. (born August 24, 1918) is a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and currently the Laurence J. McGinley Professor of Religion and Society at Fordham University, a position he has held since 1988. He is an internationally known author and lecturer. Dulles was raised Presbyterian but became agnostic. He converted to Catholicism in 1940, became a Jesuit in 1956, and was elevated to cardinal in 2001. He is one of the few contemporary cardinals who is not also a bishop. He is the son of John Foster Dulles, U.S. Secretary of State from 1953 to 1959, after whom the international airport near Washington, D.C., is named.
[edit] Early YearsHe was born in Auburn, New York, the son of future U.S. Secretary of State John Foster Dulles (for whom Washington Dulles International Airport is named) and Janet Pomeroy Avery Dulles. His uncle was Director of Central Intelligence Allen Welsh Dulles. Both his great-grandfather John W. Foster and great-uncle Robert Lansing also served as U.S. Secretary of State. The younger Dulles received his primary school education in New York City and attended secondary schools in Switzerland and the Choate School Choate Rosemary Hallin New England. Dulles was raised a Presbyterian but had become an agnostic by the time he began college at Harvard in 1936. [1] His religious doubts were diminished during a personally profound moment when he stepped out into a rainy day and saw a tree beginning to flower along the Charles River; after that moment he never again "doubted the existence of an all-good and omnipotent God". [2] He noted how his theism turned toward conversion to Catholicism: "The more I examined, the more I was impressed with the consistency and sublimity of Catholic doctrine." [3] He converted to Catholicism in 1940. [4] After graduating from Harvard College in 1940, he spent a year and a half in Harvard Law School, where he also founded the St. Benedict Center (which would become well-known due to the controversial Fr. Leonard Feeney S.J.), before serving in the United States Navy, emerging with the rank of Lieutenant. For his liaison work with the French Navy, he was awarded the French Croix de guerre. [edit] Society of Jesus and elevation to CardinalUpon his discharge from the Navy in 1946, Avery Dulles entered the Society of Jesus, and was ordained to the priesthood in 1956. After a year in Germany, he studied at the Gregorian University in Rome, and was awarded the doctorate in Sacred Theology in 1960. Although Jesuits do not normally accept promotion within the Church hierarchy, Dulles was created a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church in Rome on February 21, 2001 by Pope John Paul II. At the time of his elevation to cardinal, he was not a bishop as is normally the case, but still only a priest. However, he successfully petitioned the Pope for a dispensation from episcopal consecration due to advanced age, so unlike almost every other Cardinal Dulles is not a bishop. As cardinals are ceremonially pastors of churches in the diocese of Rome, his titular assignment is Cardinal-Deacon of SS. Nome di Gesù e Maria in Via Lata (the Most Holy Names of Jesus and Mary). Because he reached 80 before becoming cardinal, he is not, and has never been, eligible to vote in a conclave, though, like other retired cardinals, he is eligible to participate and, perhaps, be elected.
Cardinal Dulles served on the faculty of Woodstock College from 1960 to 1974 and that of The Catholic University of America from 1974 to 1988. He has been a visiting professor at: The Gregorian University (Rome), Weston School of Theology, Union Theological Seminary (New York), Princeton Theological Seminary, Virginia Theological Seminary, Lutheran Theological Seminary at Gettysburg, Boston College, Campion Hall, Oxford, the University of Notre Dame, the Catholic University at Leuven, Yale University, and St. Joseph's Seminary, Dunwoodie. Cardinal Dulles is the author of over 700 articles on theological topics, and has published twenty-two books. Past President of both the Roman Catholic Theological Society of America and the American Theological Society and Professor Emeritus at The Catholic University of America, Cardinal Dulles has served on the International Theological Commission and as a member of the United States Lutheran/Roman Catholic Dialogue. He is presently a consultant to the Committee on Doctrine of the National Conference of Catholic Bishops. He has an impressive collection of awards, including Phi Beta Kappa, the Croix de Guerre, the Cardinal Spellman Award for distinguished achievement in theology, the Boston College Presidential Bicentennial Award, the Christus Magister Medal from the University of Portland (Oregon), the Religious Education Forum Award from the National Catholic Educational Association, America magazine's Campion Award, the F. Sadlier Dinger Award for contributions to the catechetical ministry of the Church, the Cardinal Gibbons Award from The Catholic University of America, the John Carroll Society Medal, the Jerome Award from the Roman Catholic Library Association of America, Fordhams Founders Award, Gaudium Award from the Breukelein Institute, and thirty-three honorary doctorates. [edit] Farewell address and current health conditionIn recent years, the Cardinal has been sufferening from ill heath, due to left over effects of the polio from his youth. On Tuesday April 1, 2008, Cardinal Dulles gave his Farewell Address as Laurence J. McGinley Professor of Religion and Society. As Cardinal Dulles was unable to speak, former President of Fordham University Father Joseph O'Hare, S.J. read the Cardinal's address. In addition to the loss of speech, the use of his arms is impaired but his mind remains clear and he continues to work and communicate using his computer keyboard. [5] Current Fordham President Father Joseph McShane, S.J. also presented him with the University's President's Medal that evening. April 1, 2008 also marked the date the Cardinal's book, Church and Society: The Laurence J. McGinley Lectures, 1988-2007 (Fordham University Press, 2008) was released. In his Farewell Lecture, the Cardinal reflected on his weakening condition:
On April 19, 2008, Pope Benedict XVI gave the ailing Cardinal Dulles a private audience during his apostolic trip to the Unites States. The Cardinal prepared his written remarks to the Pope prior to the visit.[7] [edit] Publications
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