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 For other uses, see Attaché (disambiguation).
Attaché is a French term in diplomacy referring to a person who is assigned ('attached') to the administrative staff of a higher placed person or another service or agency. Depending on custom, 'attaché' may be modified to correspond to the gender (e.g., 'attachée') or number (e.g., 'attachés'). The term normally denotes an official, under the authority of an Ambassador or other head of a diplomatic mission, who serves either as a diplomat or as a member of the support staff. He monitors various issues related to areas of intervention. To this end, he undertakes the planning for decisions which will be taken and makes all necessary arrangements, manages the agenda, conducts research for the study of particular matters, and acts as representative when necessary. Sometimes an attaché has special responsibilities or expertise, often specified by that field. Examples include a cultural attaché, labor attaché, legal attaché, military/defense attaché (or more specifically, naval attaché, air attaché), press attaché, agricultural attaché, and science attaché.
[edit] Military attachéTypically, a military attaché serves on the diplomatic staff of an embassy or consulate. The functions of a military attaché are illustrated by the American military attachés in Japan during the war years. A series of military officers had been assigned to the American diplomatic mission in Tokyo since 1901 when the US and Japan were co-operating closely in response to the Boxer Rebellion in China. The military attaché advised the United States Ambassador to Japan on military matters, acted as a liaison between US Army and the Imperial General Headquarters, and gathered and disseminated intelligence. The military attaché's office in Tokyo usually had two assistants and a number of "language officers" who were assigned specifically to learn Japanese whilst attached to Japanese Imperial Army regiments as observers. These "language officers" translated training and technical manuals and reported on conditions in Japanese military units.[1] The original connotation was that an attaché was an officer (employee) of another service 'attached to,' for example, an Embassy or Consulate. Thus, an attaché who holds a military commission would retain that commission despite being assigned to serve in an Embassy; but from time to time, opportunities sometimes arose for service in the field with military or naval forces of another nation. During the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905), military and naval attachés from many Western military organizations served as military or naval observers with the land and naval forces of Russia and Japan. The United States Army detailed eight officers to serve military attachés with opposing forces in the field; and all served from the start of hostilities in 1904 through the signing of the peace protocols in September 1905.[2] After the war, the reports of British officers attached to the Japanese forces in the field were combined and published in four volumes.[3] During this conflict, some attachés served primarily in Manchuria, and others served primarily in Tokyo. Some, like Italian naval officer Ernesto Burzagli saw service both at sea and in Tokyo. [edit] Other usesThe title is used in other hierarchical administrations as well, for example, in the Roman Curia of the Catholic Church, in cases where a priest, usually in the diplomatic corps of the Holy See or else released for service to the Holy See, serves in a nunciature in a given country. In such cases, the official often provides a particular expertise in the service of the Church, thus, legal or otherwise. In the ministries of the Belgian federal state the term is used, since 2005 replacing the term adjunct-adviseur (in Dutch) or conseiller-adjoint (in French), normally used for college graduates, one rank under the head of a competence section. [edit] Notes
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