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For other uses, see Arad.
Arad (pronunciation in Romanian: /a'rad/; Hungarian: Arad; Serbian: Арад, Arad) is the capital city of Arad County, in western Romania, in Crişana, Ardeal, on the river Mureş. Arad is a modern-built city and contains many charming private and public buildings, including a cathedral. An important industrial center and transportation hub, it is also the seat of a Romanian Orthodox bishop and features two universities, a Romanian Orthodox theological seminary, a training school for teachers, and a music conservatory.
[edit] Population
According to the 2002 census, the municipality of Arad was home to 172,827 inhabitants. However, during the last years, a constant in-coming flow of population from the other regions of Romania has been noticed. The ethnic breakdown of the city was as follows: 142,968 Romanians (82.72%); 22,492 Hungarians (13.01%); 3,004 Roma (1.74%); 2,247 Germans (1.31%); and 2,116 of other nationalities (1.22%). The principal religious groups were the Romanian Orthodox (72.7%), Roman Catholic (12.1%), Baptist (4.5%), Pentecostal (4.4%), Reformed (3.1%), and Greek-Catholic (1.1%) churches. [edit] HistoryArad was first mentioned in documents in the 11th century. The Mongol invasion of the Kingdom of Hungary in 1241 showed that defensive fortifications were needed, and in the second half of the 13th century stone fortresses at Soimos (Solymos), Siria (Világos), and Dezna (Dézna) were built. The Ottoman Empire conquered the region from Hungary in 1551 and kept it until the Peace of Karlowitz of 1699. She was also an eyalet center, which compromised sanjaks of Varad (Arad), Logoş, Kacaş, Beşlek and Yanova since 1660 until 1697, when she was captured by Austrians during Ottoman-Habsburg wars (1683-1699). After 1699, the city was ruled by the Habsburg Monarchy. According to 1720 data, the population of the city was composed of 177 German families, 162 Serbian, and 35 Hungarian. The new fortress was built between 1763 and 1783. Although it was small, it proved formidable having played a great role in the Hungarian struggle for independence in 1849. The city possesses a museum containing relics of this war of independence. Bravely defended by the Austrian general Berger until the end of July 1849, it was captured by the Hungarian rebels, who made it their headquarters during the latter part of the revolution. It was from Arad that Lajos Kossuth issued his famous proclamation (11 August 1849), and where he handed over the supreme military and civil power to Artúr Görgey. The fortress was recaptured shortly after the surrender of Görgey to the Russians at Şiria/Világos and is now used as an ammunition depot. Thirteen rebel generals were executed there on 6 October 1849, by order of the Austrian general Haynau. These men are known collectively as the 13 Martyrs of Arad, and since then Arad is considered the "Hungarian Golgotha". One of the public squares contains a martyrs' monument, erected in their memory. It consists of a colossal figure of Hungary, with four allegorical groups, and medallions of the executed generals. 
Arad enjoyed a great economic development. In 1834 it was declared a "free royal town" by Emperor Francis I of Austria. Aradu Nou / Újarad ("New Arad"), situated on the opposite bank of the Mureş/Maros, is a suburb of Arad, to which it is connected by a bridge. It was founded during the Turkish wars of the 17th century. The works erected by the Turks for the capture of the fortress of Arad formed the nucleus of the new settlement. In 1910, the town had 63,166 inhabitants: 46,085 (73%) Hungarians, 10,279 (16.2%) Romanians, 4,365 (7%) Germans. [1] [edit] Chronology
[edit] EconomyWith a rich industrial and commercial tradition, Arad is one of the most prosperous towns in Romania. Thanks to numerous investments, Arad has a booming economy. The main industries are: freight and passenger railcars, clothing and textiles, food industry, furniture and furniture accessories, equipment for the car industry, electric components, meters, and shoes. [edit] NeighborhoodsAradul Nou, Aurel Vlaicu, Micalaca, Grădişte, Alfa, Confectii, Functionarilor, Centru, Gai, Sânnicolaul Mic, Colonia, Subcetate. [edit] TransportArad is the most important trans-European road and rail transportation junction point in western Romania, included in the 4th Pan-European Corridor linking Western Europe to South-Eastern European and Middle Eastern countries. The city has an extensive light rail network and a few bus lines. Arad International Airport, with a cargo terminal, is situated four km from downtown Arad. [edit] Employees by occupation
[edit] Some tourist attractions[edit] Architectural monuments
[edit] Historic buildings
[edit] Monuments
[edit] Religious tourism
[edit] Recreational tourism
[edit] Culture and education[edit] SchoolsArad has two universities, the private Vasile Goldiş University of the West, founded in 1990, and the public Aurel Vlaicu University, founded in 1991. Also "Spiru Haret" long-distance studies University has a branch in Arad. There are about two dozen high schools, some of the more famous being the Moise Nicoară and Elena Ghiba-Birta national colleges, the Economics College, the Technical College for Constructions and Environmental Protection and the Vasile Goldiş theoretical lyceum. High schools in minorities' languages include the Hungarian Csiky Gergely school group and the German A.M. Guttenbrunn( ro -[1]) theoretical lyceum. [edit] Cultural life
[edit] Museums and exhibitions
Arad town hall square
[edit] Twinnings[edit] Sister cities
[edit] Partner cities
[edit] SportsThe UTA Arad (formerly ITA) football team was founded in 1946 and has won six Romanian championships and two Romanian Cups. As of the 2006-2007 season, it plays in the first national league. In basketball, the women's ICIM and the men's West Petrom teams have national prominence, their record including some recent national championship wins (ICIM in 1998 through 2001, West Petrom in 2001 and 2002). In men's water polo, Astra Arad also plays in the first division. The men rugby team Contor Group Arad plays in the National Rugby League, reached the playoff final in 2006. World Champion and Olympic medalist in gymnastics, Emilia Eberle was born in Arad. [edit] Notes
[edit] References
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