1975 in science

The year 1975 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

[edit] Astronomy and space exploration

• April 19 - Aryabhata, India's first satellite, is launched using Soviet boosters.
• August 20 - Viking program: NASA launches the Viking 1 planetary probe toward Mars.

[edit] Biology

• August 7 - César Milstein and Georges Köhler report their discovery of how to use hybridoma cells to isolate monoclonal antibodies, effectively beginning the history of monoclonal antibody use in science^[1][2]

[edit] Computer science

• January - Altair 8800 is released, sparking the era of the microcomputer
• July 17 - Apollo-Soyuz Test Project: An American Apollo and a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft dock with each other in orbit marking the first such link-up between spacecraft from the two nations.
• 1975 - Bill Gates and Paul Allen develop a BASIC program for the Altair 8800. They form a company initially called Micro Soft; the company's name is later changed to Microsoft.

[edit] Awards

• Nobel Prizes
  • Physics Aage Niels Bohr, Ben Roy Mottelson, James Rainwater
  • Chemistry - John Warcup Cornforth, Vladimir Prelog
  • Medicine - David Baltimore, Renato Dulbecco, Howard Martin Temin
• Turing Award - Allen Newell, Herbert Simon

[edit] Births

• July 17 - Terence Tao, mathematician.

[edit] Deaths

• February 14 - Julian Huxley (b. 1887), British biologist and author.

[edit] References

1. ^ Kohler, G.; Milstein, C. (1975). "Continuous cultures of fused cells secreting antibody of predefined specificity". Nature 256 (5517): 495–497. doi:10.1038/256495a0. PMID 1172191. 
2. ^ Waldman, Thomas A. (2003). "Immunotherapy: past, present and future" (PDF). Nature Medicine 9: 269–277. doi:10.1038/nm0303-269. http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/nm/journal/v9/n3/full/nm0303-269.html&filetype=pdf.